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ҽԡ 
20ǰɽµһСУ20Ժؽ̵ 
ڣʡ 
˽ҵĴһһΪҵĴ겻ѡʵȫûбҪ˵ǵʣҲǶȶȼɢɢĶѡΪңкԨԴ 
˽ҵˡָ֪ҹȥһЩȤǽҿҵɴҡж󡭡 
˻һѾ 
ʵҳ治ѵصġʷΪ֤½ĶޢŮΪңֺдӴʧȥȤɼ֮㡣д˵ȴһӣΪʲôأΪһӢ¹ϰ֣һ޾£¸壬ݻŴѧۣٲҲȥʵȷ֤ҸϰֳͦһѪԵϵ֡ȷؽǰ뺣֣ȥ侫ȡɡòͲһ㡣ټƢٲһ㣬һ㣬Ϊٲޱ߷һ㡭ϰȪ֪ѪһҲǺüüġ 
 
ˣˮ˵ô࣬ҿʼʽԼɡ 
ҽԣµķΪաϰؽ̵ǰ뺣費Ͳýˡиʦ֣15ʱȥһ˽ιҳֵĹӣȻ󣬾뿪ң뿪֣뿪ˡšټʱѾ泼ˡʦֻ׵ԭһֱǸգ˵ôϲ˵У˵ΪһˡҸΪĽΡ 
˵һΣԸΪǣȡ 
һи塣 
һΪӵˡ16ǰϲҸף16ԺҸסȻʱҾɽһм˼ûУøʲô͸ʲô˴̾Ͱʲôˡ̫ӻѱ߲ݣѡѡȥԼ۸һڽ񷨵ĹûСȴ޲ 
ΪҲΪԵӡһˣôĿзĺһѡߵʱȴܾˡ 
⡣ôʧȥˡ 
Ĭİţܸ泼Ժ󣬰Լ˰׵һʵġʡ 
֪ôʣҪ֪Һ֣泼мԨԴңһºؽ񹦣 
Ҫ֪ƾ˵ĻҾپµ֮һ 
ˡ 
һ泼 
һ 
1 



ڵĵصǡ 
Ρ 
ˮΪؽǰĶӣǰµĵӣʦܡǲ˵㡫 
ԼȷȷһҲͨˡ 
ʲôʲôǡȻסΡ 
ôˣȻʲôЩʳûķϣ̵飬ȥ˾͹ȥˣһ㶼Ϊ֮ա 
һ˷ǳ㣬ֵΪҵľǲģԷǳӾϴҡŴžͰԸˣȻܰʹడ˰ĥԸˡʮֲĿʼ顰򡱣ȥ鵽סϣһŰߵʡеίһѾ 
ιǸһ 
ںڰи滳ʱһ˹գգ۾⡣ 
ι˵أŸ̧𣿡 
ΧûˣҰָָԼڽ𣿡 
Ϊڽ˭㻹˭ 
̡ϻ̳Ͽ֡վֻǸʵһֱҶûʲôֵʱҶӣȻȥ˭ÿѿģʦĻ˵ǡƤ࣬ĳôζģؽ̴ҸӲҵΪݡλ书ǡ۵ı׼ôһġ 
ǣǣϾԼӣĲ 
ԲԲΪƹλԷӦеٶۡæӭŵƹ˹ȥſˡƹŽţôô 
ȻҲƤ࣬ʿӦóһɵûɵҲһǵԵ׵ģʵ黹ɵġ 
ֹĽʲôȻһңڣɹͬ㣬ʲô书˵ 
ҳһ¡ֵ书Ȼǲ˵ˣ¶ʦؽߵ书Ӳ˵ˣ¶ϵôҺûʲôԴ书ҳü˵ҵ书̽Уڴڳ׶Ρ 
ͻȻһһ˹žһϡһĵڵϣ̾ͰӴӴĽһš 
ͻȻҡû㡭 
ûҡǸʹӵЦſңа㶮аˣ˵ö֮ҹûУ˵ϸһޡ 
ҽлĸͬʱҿʼƴģѪ 
ģôץôɫһüͷңħҲץ˲٣ûôûģ¾ͿʼСħ̵۾ʲôطģҲܵĹȻаԡ 
ѽѽʵϴˣһ㶼ؽ̵ˣԸɶ䡣ƴĵͷ 
Ըɶ䣿١û֣ԡֻǲǼƽʲôΪ˼еĲŰνΪֵá 
ģӿûֵļһﲻʹ죡ĳңҸƴĽлϣһֱصڵĺڰС 
Ҹǳӣ۾һڵϣô򶼲ٶ 
С䣬ҿˣúÿܵģ㻹ǲҪ̫ѿˡ 
㲻ôˣûֵĶֵǷѾ￴𣿡Ǹ˲ķɧͬʱĻйҵġʬ塱ϣָһޡ 
ԼĴ㡭Сֹʲôﰡ顱ʲôġ 
ҼֱСֹԶˣѾ˶ҵķйҼڵװȻΪҶĶ붯Ҳδɡ 
ѽһͲһˣҲûԹ࣬ǶӵͱȽȤˣ´ֲ赭Ļܱأ⵱ҲҪṫٸ׼ɡ 
ŶǶһ죨һϺںҲ֪ʱ䣩ֲ赭ˡȻǡֲ赭Сλ֡λ磬ЩԵȻܱǡζƺһ㡭ȷǰȦĶʹطˣ 
ʹͷǸ֡ƺ˵ÿһ仰ӦܴץκһøֵĻңҾϲ˼СİԼķƣȻζѾ˾ͲҪٽĿˮˣƺǷȱˮ 
ԵľͲˣΪôõôҽȥˡ 
ʳǲ̫ˡһ߳һƴ̾±һҪΪĴ±ʱʱץץҪĴҪŬڻһ׵Ļϴֵ 
ԹԺҾͼڴͦʬҲ֪ǰعʲôʱ˼ʲô⣬ǲ갡˻ǹ񰡡ҵ뷨ʵʲôغԼһڸǰˡ 
ôΰ˼һ㶼ⲻʦʦְְְ˾˵ĻǶҪ֪ˣҲװûˡϡֻѩܹ˽뷨ɡ 
ͻȻʲô̴Ӵڵƴ 
˰ҡʹ 
˴ҴҵܹǾϲĿڵƹı 
ˡһ˶һ˵ 
ڿ߽ҵΣһ˸һţ֪ʲô𣿡 
ǸʳԡҴţʮֵ֡ 
ģ˵ŵĶҩ㣡һʹҡ 
ҡܲǸҳԶҩʡֲǡǡ 
ʲôܹȶҩӺúáܡģô˼Ҫ㣬ǵȻܶ㡮ġˣΪǶʲô˰ 
ǴɲءҡʡΪؽ̡Ҳܡ 
Ǹ泼ԴҩҲô˵˵ҰŵȥʦŲʲôͬأ˼Ҿһ仰ǵʲôԼ٣ǶҩٲˡܳԵŵĶҩⱲӼʶˣ֪ɣ 
ϯҸӱʹĴȻȴ֪Ϊʲôƽࡣ 
һеһУǸ˸ġ 
һ㡣 
 
޹ 



ҵĴ˲ֿʼ˽̸ 
ιʦ֣˺ôħ̵˵ǵУǲǿȥħթһѡ 
ħǰӣȼɭϵôǻҪ÷磬Ҫꣿ 
ѽǸʦȥһǰ¶ 
˰ɣʦΪӦЩνظѾͷ綷ˣҪǱ泼֪˵ùĴƴѹʦҿôԸˣ˭Ҳ˵£Ͷˡ 
һңι˵˹֣Ҹ㣬е⽣ĶŶҩҩֻһУ֪ 
֪֪ 
ԣ㽫ô踡Ҫ֪ 
֪֪ 
Сӣﵽסң˵ؽֵǮӦø˭ȥ 
ֵͦǮģֵͦǮġһһ˵ǸҪǮǱ߹µģݡǸܲݡؽ̵ʱչҵġǸҪܸ㡭 
ģٰ 
ǸҡҲ֪Ǯʱûҡҵԡس󣬶ر 
ģӿǸʹ޵ĲͷˣһȻ·߰ɣҪһΣ̽̽ǸԵģ֪´Ҫˡ 
ֵ뿪ץƴĺλ֣λˣλ硭ǲܾôҶ²ܰȸҵҩ 
ҩһͷЦûõǮ˭Ѹ㰡ҩÿ3췢һΣˣŰɣһʱ˾ͺˣҪʵܲˣСƤɹ˴Цȥˡƴĺ磬磬մ 
ô 
ǲ˵踡ҪǵԺȥˣҲҡ 
СӻųȥأðɣҲ޷ҽ⽣壬Ĵΰɣȥ 
ķſˣ˻صҵĴǰ 
ðɡ 
Ҽסǵˡ 
ڡ 
ǿ԰ĵĽˡ 




עСеһ˴ŶǵãҲǹеġҡؽ߼书Ӷٶ֡ԡȻǻزˣŹ۸Се˵ġôôˣһްӷ𡱰ɡ 



2 
ܿʧٵԭ 
ǶϸϸĲһȻзִĽҡʡһ󡪡ϸϸİѵʰһ 
ôĵİҷʭӣǹⲻȥһԼܲñ˶Һáô˶ҵĵν˵̺ʽѲ飬ΨһһҲͳϸϸĶ§˶§ˣòǣôˣӦòصҵº 
ҪˣҪʬ 
ŵܰͷȻƣôһָӣĸɾ͸ˡŻعͷ۰ױһе岻Զ 
ԭˡ 
Ҳ˵аЦ 
ƴĵﵱȻͲǽͳǵ㼦ͷҲƴһϸϸˡǡȷϼ鲻Ƥȷʵ˷޵աѲܰͷĵĿ·ҵϣңܹ͸ӵĿݳһѹͷϣ鿴ûпܽθĿܡ 
ĿܲˣۼûܵģôֳҾҲǵģ 
ͷһð 
˭š˵ǵʲô㣬ǻʬˣ 
治֪˲ָΪġ 
ԼѾǳˣǡţõƹ̫Ƕûз֡ 
ͬʱ޶˵ 
ǵõɽʱܷû¾ͰѡˡߣǵʵĻǵСУǧټƵĹҷ䣬һҰִССĽ䶼˸顣ʹ˲ˡܱΨһһǡ˲ɼҲŬСÿ˵⻰ʱǹǵĿĵĿңһ˿̵ЦԵԭ˲ﰡ 
ϰҵûжߵģΪĳڶͳ 
񡭡 
ҷһ﷢ʩţǸԵСӸҰ˵ʵͱͣ 
ף 
ôôҸɵģ 
Ҳ̲סˣιι㽲òãĵӶҡҪ֪쵼쵼˹ܷҪĵ㶪ͽѵҪԼʧʧ𣿲Ҫʲôʲô𣿡ιιһû˵أôͲˡιιȵȡ 
ȵҵѵֻʣСãܲŻߵǰĿ⵶һ㻺һ˺ۡ 
ǵĳҡ¡ 
𡭡 
ܵĿ˻Ϸ·ճӡ 
Ҵ򣬴˵Ϊֹ 
ҴĻ䡪ͷЩʲôôû¾ϲ۸ССҡ 
ţ 
ԶԶһȴϡ 
һȺ˻ʰ׶¡ǽһһ۾ͿҴʦ֣ʦʦͬ־ǡ 
ӷ𡪡 
ͬĴһкǽһжǻţһĴˡ 
Тʩʩǵʣ˽蹫ò׵Ŀ򡭡ƺΥɡʦԽڶʼϲġֹ 
ТĿߣַ˵¸ڣҪ취ҳҵͽ 
˴ţλӵʧ٣һʩйأ 
 
ǰТܲ˵˺۵飬ϺĿ׺ݶֲб 
ѵɫ˺ÿ·й˽ӣ˷ܵһѻ 
ſϱŰĺۼһҧһģš 
µһ̵ﰲˣǿҵĿѰ˹Һܿƿˡ 
һǱǿҸĿ⡪̼Ļһ 
ʱһͳҵĶ䡣 
ʦܡΣ 
̧ͷǸ泼˱Ҹֶһɵĸ߹Ȼ֣ȷȷʵʵĲţ̵ĵƹС 
ԽĲ̣ҲҪôܵİ취һʵ£ҹҿġܿһͬ̾˴ԡ 
˲¶Ȩ˲Թ֮Ϊ֮ 
˵⻰ʱҲңϰڸԼ顣 
ǻߣ˻ȥ 
ʱǸִˣʹʦ 
ҽŻ谵ĵƹ˹ȥַںϣĵģָ£Ĵָ¡ 
һҾͲˣᶼˡ 
ǵõʱʦִʦ֮书ʱûΪҵĵƤ̰Աʦ֡ÿεʦҪҵʱһͷվǰ棬ʦ˵Լܽ޷ԼȻͻıȻû£һҵˡ 
ʦҪ̾˵ʦֵķţ㵽Ҫʲô̶ȡ 
ӦúʹʦӳຣôȻ֪ӦôϢĳĬţҪʱԼǿҵҪС 
ǸִˣʦܡʹҾȥ 
ЦˣҰЦݲڱ˿ĵط 
лҡ 
 



ɣлҪ˵֪ұֱ״̬ǰʦ˵һĻ 
ʦתͷҵͷ 
Ŀݣů 
˵ʦıۿžҪ̡ 
ҷˣҲˡһӴʿͬšһޱȱʹ˵ 
ۡ˵ô໰ʱܲȰѾ˵ҷ 
һȦȫ 
ұʦܵ˺üѪȻµĻԼĹ 
ʩϵ˺ۿǿصŰµģ 
ҵͷ 
Ϊζ㣿 
򣿲ֻ֪֪Ƕ˲ħˣʦȨѬ졣 
ҡҡͷ 
ߣħˣ˵ö֮ССһͽʲôТػͬţȨǰԲ 
泼üͷ壬Ҫæҿ˰ɣᡣ 
˵Һдǵġҵɫƺú֡Тһǵͨ죬ܵҲͨ졣ʦ͵͵ȥѪˣ泼Ŀң֡ 
˵ʲô𣿡װɵ⿴ 
泼ͷȻֻҡҡͷ 
ԣֵļǰߴңŵĵӶʲô 
ỺģûΡϽСӡңһҶ˵ʦܣ£˵ɡ˵ԽԽá 
СϹҲذޱޱȱʹ˵ŵ˲ұԣʳóһң˵ֻʳֲҲΪʲôֻʳǵۺ֡ 
һ٩٩̸ĿߡзҵĴݲС֪ΪʲôеѪѹ͵ĸоʦѾµƶѪˣôĬվŬ˵ÿ仰š 
ƺȫûз˵״ύӵĿߣʵԲҲˣζҲˣҲЩź˵顭ԼԭʵҲ뿪ˣǣǡǲӦðѶҩҲڷҳ԰ɣԭϲҲӦַͨʽֲ 
ͻȻְˣղӿĵЦҲʧˡ泼һĴԡ˵Ǹ¶ˣ 
ĵͷ¶ܺµӡ֮ǰңվñӳңҳ극ʹԺǾϲܵң˵ʲôǵĶͲôҲֻǵġ 
泼˵תͷТ 
곤Ǹ֪ΪʲôȴĿ⡣ 
Ա飬˵ؽ̵ݵλܸߣԴвؽӦиͷȻǾһһвң˵ǵľʹʵǺ»ܣǾ͸ؽ 
ӷ𡣡ʦ˫ֺʮ̷ 
ʩλӵȥɾ˰ɡʦ˻۾ͻȻⱩǣȫˣɮͷ㵱ߣ 
ߺߣТԣֻƴסԼʦͷĿ졣 




3 



۾ôɢˡТݺݵ˵ŻҲͷħ̶ӽˣȻüݺݵĿ⿴ҺҲʶǸͷҪϡƺȫ鵽ǣ㻤ΪҲֻɥĲݡҵһξԭҲ壬ҵһξйѪ鷳ȫҾͰͷߡ 
ԭԼҲЩаֻǳġӷҳ 
Тŭ뿪ʦʾһͬ뿪ֺ¡泼Ĭĩ˵ɣҹһȥ 
ʦֿң̾˿ʲôû˵뿪ˡ 
ȵе£ҲЩš̿ˮɤӷɡ 
ңվڵ£ҽīƵĳһֱ 
ѩ׵ĳװ磬ɰʸ߻ƺһŲԲɫͷ͸Բ 
ô޼䡭 
ʦ֣ͷó˰ 
̾ 
΢΢Ĳһͷƹϣʵü۾ 
աСһҰɡ 
ЩЩȻ 
νЦţûаôܸҵģҶϸϸġ 
ת˻ȥž޷ԣǣ֪ڵЩ࡭ 
뵽ʧٵ˵ƴҳȥԭġ 
úõĸܹĿһ뵽Լ·һͷҲЦ˵Ƥ಻࣬ǳԵĲãƻʳĲһǰˡ 
ʦܡ泼ε߽͸ţҿһ˿ʹ࣬ݣˡ㽻ҵʱôɷһˣȴˡҡ 
ססһæָ֣Լı˵ɱΪʹţ 
泼һЦġ 
뷨˲֪Ҳ֪ô 
ңûз㵱ˡ 
һֻ֣æԼСצӵ˹ȥԳЦЦ̫࣬ 
Ȼû˼ҲšԲ 
ʦܣȻΪҲֻ죬ڷΪһŽ½нһͶ͢͢Ĵţǳ͢£һֱҲϣε飬ԭҲнⷢӵ˼ 
֪˹ҺֹȻҪά㣬ŵȳ͢Ҳ˻ѸҶԿ˼ϸܣϷ˵ʻаѹʵ̵Ȼһʯơ 
ǵģ 
泼΢΢һ 
ʦܡ 
ģ 
һһĺˣĿ£ͣĲ 
ôᣬɣ 
һ̵ʹࡪΪûа취ȥˣҵԸߵġ֪泼ʦ֣Ȼػңð˳һеһУȻû˵Ҷ׵ġΪܹԾ¸Ϊ̫ԷԼصٽҲ˱ϸߣΪסĳ򣬶ɡ 
ɡ 
һһ˼ĵʲô 
Ϊ˼ʹ޷뿪ʲô 
Ҳ۾ 
 
ʱҾϡ 
ͶС 



ʦܡ 
Ļҡ 
㻹ðɡ 
ۣһ˫ĿĿתĿҡ 
ҡҡͷ 
ûʲôֻǡеͷˡ 
ʦֵıƺЦص̾ίˡһ˵ 
ʦ֣ҵĻȥǴҪģιұɣ֪ҶԼ־͵ģ׾ѱʧȥ 
Ը 
ʹֻΪ 
һҪ׷ʸ泼ܿվȫ˵Ŀռ䡣ʦܣѵл㣬˵ǳȻѾΪҲǿֵӵıʵ治ҵ࣬ҲǾٲά衣 
ҵͷԭͲܿȥȻԷ⻹ǺҪ 
ʦֲҰʾǹڹĴ£Լʰףһᾡ취ȥεȻ࣬Ҳᾡã١ 
۾΢졣 
޷ԼٿһĻ 
ƺʶԼ˵̫࣬ȫҵĺ첽뿪ץĺʦżûʲôҪСţ 
վסˡ 
ͷҡ 
ССТĳδ 
Ƕ̫ӣҲ 
˵Щ첽뿪Ṧ̰ʧˡ 
ҷſţһһĺˣʪĴϡ 
һƺΪʲô 
ûپµơ 
û߹µĿ⡣ 



ȻԺҵ˴ߡ 
ͬʱҲᵽ֮ϵεݱ 
ҲֳɣһҴ⣬һɼʳͬ־ǣûҪɣ 
һĺϴʥҼһãһڵ 
õӹȻùľеǷˡ˲ôޣľҾǿֻֻۣۺˡ 
ҲʲôֹϵƵ϶ԽܿҾѧõĿһܴԼֺؽ书֮ʳͷһξôõ书ԭҲǻµ˵ 
ܹһֱôȥͺˣʵҵССҪ󡭡ǺСС 
һ˯Ȼһ֣ˡ 
Ż˿ԲԷɲ桱ıԣʩʩȻ⵽һ࣬׼·ʹк 
֪һһԭѩѩˡ 
æŶȥѩСĽлѩѩôˣ 
ѩѩҵϲˣҵˣ 
ô£ôҲˣ 
˵˶ǰȣ 
ѩǡ֪ɽС飬ϾϡǬȻ 
 
ҵͼֱһ쵰 
ƾǡ 
ﰡ𣿺ôһƬѩĿң·ҹôһƬġ 
ãáǺġͷ亹죬ѩҵĲתƻ˵ѩƺ̫ãʲôˣ 
ᵽѩǸ۵һ 
ˣˣȾѩ˴ˣ 
[lisaping] 



4 



СĵĲñ˿ץסѩ巵һֻ֣ɵ 
ü 
ѩ巵ƺأȫһšҲʩԮ֣12ʱ 
ջ֣ĳ 
ˣˣѩ巵ôѩ齹Ŀҡ 
ڣõġֻǡ 
ˣѩ𣿡ѩ鿴µԥ 
ҡҡͷѩһοЦݡ 
᣿һѩ巣㲻õġ 
ѩһῴңһƯĺӡ 
Ҫ˵Ȼѩ巶һ۾԰ң΢ 
ˣɡ 
ѩ巣û飿ѩѩ鲻ϲĺıסԷĲӣյѩ̾ͷ˰ۡ 
ҷѾţ֮ץסѩ鲻¡߱סУס֣¶Цѩ巣ģһнҡ 
ѩ巼ѵҡҡͷˡ塭 
ѩʲô飿һ֪ʲô˭ҪӺˣ˭ڼӺѩ巣ѩһԭѩ鱬һ㱬Լķŭ 
ѩ巵֡˼Ҷ 
̫࣬Ӧˡ 
ѩ۾ĿңƵı۾۽˿˿ 
ˡѩ巡ˡ 
ʵǸҡνѩ 
Ҫһˡ 



ȵѩѾǵڶˡ 
󲡳ѩ巵Ȼв̬ĺήҵɫҲķԼμˡ 
˰а̾ 
һѩ飺ʲôûѩ巾񲻼𣿻Ͽסˡ 
ѩϿСסѩӯӣѩһɬתȥ 
ҵƵģҡѾûˡѩ 
û𣿲ŻǱȽǿģǸطʹ𡭡 
ѩ飡 
ѩգݺһƴѩؿڡѩûһƱԶ̼ˣ㿴㿴ȻʹɣĴء 
ѩ飬˵ˡҺǺǵЦţѩټ߼Ȥѩʹ˵ȥҪˡ 
ѩһֺܵĵӣ˵ֲ˵ֻСĿŶԷǵģĺСҲЦ 
죬ҵİ£ѩ巺ѩзˡ 
֪ѩϲѩ巸ԼƵģѩҲѩΪԼҪˡİǶԶ䣬ѩһ鿪ѩΣͻȻ뵽ؽ书İ塪ȻһͨʳһľѪΪβһһǿеģʵʩȷѶȡѩ巵ʱƺ̫ǿˡĳĳΪܣȴù֮ۡҷ𡭡ϸķ㣬ˡ 
һʯ񣬾ʵеķʹ 
ѩȻûĺ飬΢΢üͷˣεȻѾΪģܾΣҾá˺һڡ 
Ǻѩ㲻Ҫ̫ƴʱ򻹿ǡ졯ģ㲻ҪΪѩռ˱˲ƻҵĺ顣 Һգ۾ 
ѩһû˳Ĳ͸߱Сѩæסתƻü֮Ľ׼ìܣˣôᱻ˼˶Һѩ巶˼⡣ 
 
ˣѩĿңָдܡ 
ҵͷװɢ桭壬һ㵸ȴġʵ˵ûɫ档Сһǽһˬȫ˱ֻľ״ԹһӢۣ 
ˬȻѩĶѩ˵˺Ŷӳȥ˵ҲǸˣ 
̣߱ūСף߱ūĻͲ˰ɣ 
ˣ˵ʦʦֿǹģĽѩ顰ڸĵļŷ 
ҵͷ絷⣬Цƻǣǣ 
Ǵųȥָտɴˣѩ鿪ʼõδ 
ǣǣЦУͷвè״ 
ˣѩ۾ 
ѩ飡۾Ҳ 
ǵδôãͬչδ͡ 
ѩ巺ݺݵĸѩͷһ¡ѩ飬ˣ͸ˣ㵽ûΪ˾ְصʶ 
ءѩôֻҰҪ֪ˣһĲġѩίͷ­ֱۡ 
ԣѩ治ɫָһ£Ϊְصˣˣ 
ءѩֿ湻ݵģۿѩͷͱķ͡ 
ЩģǿѩëϹŵᡣ 
ѩޡû취ʩԮֻ֣һ߸ҽµİƣѩŪķġ 
ߵˮУѩ巴ס 



ѩ㰲Ϣɣһúչѩ巵ģҪġһʱҼʵĶѩġʬ塱ᡣ 
ѩ已ҵĺ֣סҵϸϸд֡ 
С 
գգ۾ôܣһֱװ׳գǲ֪书ôá 
һڻɡ 
ӦõģҺּԨԴôǶǼϸ 
ѩ巳˼һصд¡ 
С 
ġ 
һ 
ûҪ 
Σƹ⡣ 
Ϊ֮˶ˣؽûʲôڵģҲΪɱʦ 
ֻ죬ţ 
ʦֻػңгԹֻⷬ¹ԡ 
ȱֱܣթ 
̾˿ջ֡ 
ѩ巾Ŀңһ鶼ûС 
Ҽôܣѩ巣ÿ׵˶ҪôСĻ˻Ż˼𣿡 
ѩ巵10£Ͳκˡ 
ҿҺѩ顪Ҳô 
ѩҺұɱѩһ˫ĿĿסңƭҡ 
۾¶֮ɫѩģȥȥȥĶȥĶƭ 
ǡ 
Ҳء 
ѩ͵۾ģ֮ɫԱ 
 
վӸµĿ 
ѩ巣𣿱׽˷ͱѣһʹࡣʹҲ֪ҲᡣжิӣֻԼϣ׽ÿһ˶ңϣ׽ÿһ˶ֵΡܹͿĻţʵҲľˣ 
ѩ已ңƶǶı顣 
͸ҷ·ֿһżįľŴվɫĴֻǼĳĬţõľ¶ˡ 
۾ 
 
Ը˵á 
ҲԸǰ˳ᢡ 
㣬ҡ 
㶮 
㶮𣡣쳾 




5 
ѩѩҹȻҵļį֣ԽԽͷˡ 
˵ɣ֮ǰһһԺҲһһѩѩ巾ûôˣֲǲ֪ѩǸͣġӶҲûоġȡ 
˰һƬТǰӪȣûӪȳɹһƬͬ⣬ܼܲȰɣ 
ѩÿѵʱ򶼱ݵĳ߼ѣ˵ĿǱرñ˿źҪţ 
һסӵֲȥѩ鰡εͿ˷һ°ɣҪ֪ʳԲ˵ģ򻹿Դٽ¾ļʡõʳﰡ 
Һѩټûˣѩ˿Ͱ͵Ŀңɮ濴棬ίѩûϵѩ巴֮£һӪɾ²ˡ 
һѩҾûˣֻùԹԵķԼһݿĴ⣬ͬʹࡣ 
ٹܱҲֻһ˵ҳζѶʳٲȤܿҾͷֹĴֳΣˣΣֱеҵġ 
ûҾ͸ѩܣȤȻֺ 
ѩһʼͷǣһԻҺѩսۿʲô趼ɥʧˣֱ½ 
ѩ鰡ҪҾͺˡ 
ǿһȥһ˴Դȵӡ 
ˣôûĵĻҲĳǿǹġ 
֪ǣ֮ǰûеԼм𣿡 
Ҫ˾Ͳˣǵ书ɽׯЬ䡣ƽʱôǵģǸôûá 
´ǵķŬѧ˻Ǹ˼Ь䡭 
ء۸ҡ 
úã⣬ôҲǰ취ҵ㶫԰ 
ʲôͺͺ񶼷ɲ 
ҿѩ巳ϸƤĲ硭 
ˣҪҶѩ巵Ҿ͸ƴ 
ιιѩ已Ǿ˵ҪΪ˸ʶΪԼˣΪԼҹԸĳɷ𡭡 
ǡҲǺаҲ˵˭Ӧǹ 
Ƥֲóԡ 
û£û£Һѩ巶ģһѲУֻררĸл˵Ĵ¡ 
ԻڡѩֱҪҰ 
ʲôʹ󻹲һ㣬ǵĵп̫СˣҾû취ͬϲһ𡣡 
 
һҿûˡ׼ȷ˵ҲûֻͻȻã˵ѡ 
ĸһڴϲ˵ 
ǰˣһʹʲôʱôŮˣѩ鵣ѹûҡ 
˵ʲôأ˵Ҳ˼طʲôŪԵġ 
˵ԻҺѩйͬԣؽ̵ʱǾͺֹڡϰࡱʱͿռտĸɻǴΰҪȻֱӰҰιӽ˸ɸɾԸҲûԡԼжûϴˡ 
һ뵽Լͼֱİϵ·ץץȥ 
ץ԰ɣ 
ѩ鿴ҵĶͻȻһ 



û뵽ַͨʽٴο泼ġ 
˵Żˣбը֣泼ĵһӦǽǲ˼Ṧκ󣬷˶úõĴţͬ׵İ࣬ϻǿĳԭġ 
ѩ巷Ƶڴϳѩֱңűըʽк 
ãþò 
ϵЦݾȻǻģԼԼ 
泼üͷô£ 
šΪˡ˵ţ泼ǶһеĿ⾲ҵϣʧȥ 
ҵͶ뿾ԣŪĲðڵϵĸɲݵȼˡһָָѩ飬ҷʵࡣ 
泼д޴ľ̾ź֣̾͡ʵǱըô£ 
ҵָܷܷѩ顣ΪæžȻʱѩ鲻Сķ˸ƨСΧը 
泼תͷǸںڵСūϵıо壬кߣίбˣ۽۾ĵͷץһ̿״˵ҸɵģҲѵεȼģҸ 
泼߽ҵǰмʬ壬ͷһ仰˵Ŀҡ 
ȴûпҵʳָȻžڿУҵҲڲ 
Բ𡭡 
ҵκڡ 
泼û˵۾ֺˡ 
õƹ谵. 
û˷ʹ 
ңƺҲȫûע⵽ 
ʵڣڼȫѩڲ 
ͷطţطŵղţʳָָܷܷסѩʱ 
ѩľ壺ˣôܹѪأҪ㣬СĸֵҲ㣬СķƨըҲ㣬ôƵˣ 
۾ҳ󲻿ƽʱҾˣһӣ 
ѩĺߣǡǡƨҲ̫ˡ 
ңܱҷźЩһҷȫ 
ѩίǡΪʲôҪûг󡭡 
ңͷҸô 
ѩıˣٶôҲûˣѩһҪء 
ھ塢ߡίСѩұ޺ڵĺڹͬʱޱȵģ۵Ĵ 
һİοԲ𡭡 
κڡ 
ѩȫң۵Ĵţ˺ܴί 
 
泼Ȼ֪滹ô̲ĻֻĬĬĿҿɬı飬һһ㣬ˮڻˡ 
ðɣȥ 
ƽ˵ţǼ׵顣 
ҳ״סˡ 
ʦ֡˵𣿡 
泼ͷĿˮͣӦľˡ 
һǲţǣҲ𣿡 
ֲһֱͶԴҵǳնʹӦǵĿ˲Ŷԡô˵һҪǳȥ 
ȻĿᡭ鷳𡭡 
Ŀҡ 
Դ֣һֱ鷳 
𡭡 
зӦһţ°Ŵ򿪡ԥŲ϶ʱǸŵͻȻһԲİγԱ߽ʿ䳤һתһɵĵ˵ϡ 
 
Ŀᶨ档 
·˵ţһнҾͺá 
һ˲䣬ҵˡ 
ûӡ 
ҳôĿ࣬ô 
ס 
泼۾΢΢ĺˣ˵ҡ𡭡 
ˮǲ¡ 
䡭ϡҺġ 
˵ˣ֪ 
ܲ˵ 
ҺˮһĴȣޱȱߵ˵ôû뵽ѵθ˰Ȼȥˣ 
ͨ 
ͻȻһֵһͷѩббĵڵϣϻŶ쵰ĿΡ 
ͨͨͨ 
ڲţȻǰ洫һƬֵһתͷǰȻһƬǿվģֻʣ泼һˡ 
̾ǿʱۡһѪĻڵϡ[] 




6 
ͨηˡķʽؼա 
˵ﻹģ泼ѩӳɻ̵ҲеĿһ¡ 
ֶηǳһ㣬ǺõĲ𣿸ҶڱߵıԵҷǳ뺹 
ļһﵱʦˡֻǽһˡ 
ˣΪǳǳ泼ܿͨһڣܿˡϸĿûѪĶŵĹ⡣ 
Ҳûȫģʹսˬϵĳ޵ˣû泼˵һ强ҾϲĴһֱߵǴɿѪŨˮʱ鲢ïķӣ泼ĴҵĻ 
ʦܣСĿɿ㶼Ҹ㴩ģʱѾʮ㲻ǵˣ 
һںûԼƨĵе㳬ˮƽˡ 
ššȻֻǴȷ㵱Ȼһ𴩿ɿ㣬Ů첻ڵ£ʮҲܴɿǲǡǡҲǸղǸ˼ 
泼ɫ࣬ҡҡͷЦúܿɬ 
ʦܰôˣѧôû˵ⷬĵġ 
ҿɥҲ֪ˣԺ͸û˹ˡ 
ʵҵĻû̫˼ 
Ǿ˵ʲô˼ 
ʲôĻιȻվߵǰ 
Ƶģ̾̾ 
ǰһΡߡôȥˡ 
󼤶ĵͷȻ뵽ҿ̳͡ 
΢΢ͷīĳƮǰ 
ߡꡭʮʱûһڶļǵãһθ򲼵ʱ򡭡 
ʦţûӵȥ 
ͲҪ˺òã 
ֻϧȻҲҵľȡ 
ǵõһθ򲼵ʱһ㶼ԣҶҷ˺ô󾢶Ÿã̾ʪˣֻٸһΣҲ֪Ǹ񾭲ԣֿЦˣЦǸСһֱôá 
ҼʱĳȥӺסź죬͸´׵顣 
ʦ֣򲼵㻹˰ɣ 
Ҽͷᶼųˡ 
һ˵ĹȥǲҪһ̫˽ĺá㿴㿴µĳ¶ˡ 
иоǰһ󶶶סĵطҲһЦ 
ֵͷȥ֪泼ѾЦˣÿ۾ң˭ѪССıһ¡ 
ǶƵЦ⡣ 
ǰô֪ƣ 
ҺܿΪˣ泼ЦЦҲֻɵɵЦţ겻ĸܱԻһҴɿĹ⾰ 
˵ԺͺˡͻȻԭҲ˴ɿҵʦ۾Ķֲڴ 
찡ôǺã 
ˣʦ֣˵г͢ʲôɣ 
Ϊ˾Ӿгȥæת˻⡣ 
ᵽ͢泼ı̾ 
˵鷳ǲܵģĳҲǲǵġ 
ע۾ 
ǳ͢𣿡 
ңģĵͷ 
ͬʱ¶һɬЦ 
ֻһɳ͢ 
ʲô 
ҳԾĿ߻ֻһɳ͢ѵ͢˵壿 
͢Ȼֻһ泼صľָ뵱ʵ۵˿ɲֻһ 
Ҵ˴ 
ôǻʵۣ 
֪Ϊʲô泼̾˿ʦܡ㵽װɵʲô 
ҼæһֶȨֹªŵļһ֪ʵӦмǺģʵö֪ʶ֪ĶǴұ֪ġô˵úֵĿ⿴Ұ죬µĻʵֻһ 
һȻĵͷȻµ̾ͳˡ 
ȻʵֻһܵǴһʲôѵһҾͱˣ 
泼ֻһ̾һ߸һѪͳ顣֪ԭʵ϶ȣºöгϢûϢĶӡûϢļûϢгϢľŵһεĻʵۡÿÿֵᷢе顣 
һϯҡͷʵ϶ûڲ٣ô֪˵ֻһͺˡ 
ʦȻҵ۲޳ɣָҵʵۺ˵ģҪʲôʲôʣҪʲôʲôʡʵһѴӣСӣһҲ»زۺˣͬʱһ;ννడͷʲôøɣҲõ 
Ҵִִڻ̲ס˵ȻʵôˣΪʲôһҪأñ˵ˣ˵ĻҶҪ 
ʦҲǴִִĬĿҺܾãĩ˵˶롣 
ô룿 
ʵ۾𣬹¡е˶Ҫָӣе˶ҪΪ 
ǣող˵㲻³͢𣿡 
 
ţʵ۵ˣõȫµϿɰɡ 
͸ˣǴҹǰЧң֪һҳϵܵΪܹܵô𣿡 
 
νʤΪ߿ܡڻƴΪԼһĳ٣ģ 
ɱԼֵܵ˻õҵḶ́ҳԾ۾ 
ʦֳĬ˺һżѵ˵Ǹûʵ۵Ļһԭȥһеġټ 
ɱԼֵܣʵۣҲһ˰ 
 
ǼȻڻʼң޿֮ģҲţ㲻ɱˣҲɱ㰡 
ǾͲҪô 
˵»ʼѪʧ 
ǴôҲᶷⰡ 
뵱ʵ۵Ȼ뵱ʵ۵˿ң˵ҶʥּԼͷˣҲٰ 
Ǵһʲô 
 
ҿʦĿѪˣҺܵĵĿһ 
ʦֵĺҲһĺá˵٣գ̫ӲʣµĻѡ 
ⲻ͵𣿼Ȼ̫ôõİ취ǴҾͰֵַģõʵ۵ĵʵۣõүĵүͺˣ 
ʱһֵĿ⿴ң˵ʲôֵĻ 
̫ӣҲ谭˶λĿӰ̫ӵ˷Ϊʸ֮ĵġ 
ҳɵˡ˺ܾһûĻ 
̫ӻʲô壿 
·ԶڼȦӡʦ̲סһ̾˵ţʼҵ̫ˣԶŪףһǲ׵ĺá 
Ҿйˣһһ㶼׺ˣǸ͢ʼҵģҺԶԶﶼ֪˲ģɵţǼˡ 
ٻͨһ㡣һ㡣 
̫ӹǿĻλ˾ˡ 
룬ļһһҲһûʵۡ 



˺ܾҲ֪籾ûʲôԡ 
̫Ҳһܵϻʵۡ 
ҺʶǸ̫ӾͷǳҶΪܵϻʵۡ 
ûϻʵۣΪվ˶ӡ 
֡ 
̫ӡ 
ôҲվӣ 



ʱصһ졣һû̫ӣҸո֪̫ӵһ顣ҾͿʼΪ鷸Ρ 
泼ĸңŵ̫ںġ 
ֽ̫£Ȼ̫ϲڵԼһ 
Ҷ̫̰İôеᣬ־еΪʱֵͬʱҲ˽ 
ûպð׵ƺﶼûƽ 
ͬʱҾ泼ȻΪָֻķ֮һˡ 
۽üеĳطҲͬʱʹšҺܻǸںɽĴʦ֣ȻԲɫЦȴϵ̫ 
һʲôû˵ 
֪ЩĸԸǣš 
 
¡[] 




7 



һֱΧɽׯղ̫ãõɵӱ۾ܸоһǾĿڵĴһЩ 
ʱһڵʱ򣬴Ҿ漦ɹڣΪɻƴĲֺηݻ𰸡ķȻö֮ߵϺ󣬾ȻΧһƬƽ֮ûһȻɡóֵ׼һ¸춯صġ˼ϲ硷ΪⳡϷûݳɣЩˬĸоӰҵĹϸһ¶˲ڸС 
Ҳ˵ҵƾܶˣԸ̾ƽĻ;ƷĻ 
ѩ˵ƤǷᡣ 
ѩǡɽ¥ 



ɽꡱȻڶ 
ƤǷʱ 
ŵܰͷТϴμҵʱͬսĹ޵ĶǶííģȴЦĸҡһЦ𡱣ȻһЦʶ˵ѧֲЦˡһǶá 
Ц۲׵ɵЦûЦҵġ 
ȻһϯЦТܡ 
ĺˮٲ 
̫ӣԶ㲻ӾòϢЦ棬ʲô˼ 
ĲһѺ޲ǵĿңЦνιʣ 
ҼЦ泩ΪʲôΪʲô 
Խ˵ΪʲôԽʲôۼɫѾʼָ࣬วţͼʲô 
ϧ۾ͲЦøˣҰСТвľٶТƤЦⲻЦûס 
۾Խעңнɱ 
ʱͽȳסˣһŭȵԣʦĺǰιʴЦֹˣ 
Тָʵĳ鴤һ¡ 
ҾͣףЦЦǵȻӦûرЦˣʲôԣ 
ǡΪЦá˺ë 
Ǹӱﲻס˵۾¶ֳ嶯ֺµ顣 
Тָ·һ㣬ץסĳֱ¶ 
Ҵһѯˣףѩ飬ѩ巣Цúѿ𣿡 
ѩ۾ҡôЦұѩ۾ҡһֱҵóۣһֱôЦġ 
Ǻðɣ˾ëȻҲʷ⡣ 
ҷˣͷТǸЦЦһֱЦþôѿൣ㡣 
ТıѪˡ 
ָֽ˽ʮָӵϺХԣȻ֪δ㣬ϷȷҪ飬½٣ӳ顭 
ҺЦΪҾӳ顱ˣǵԷһǹԹԵЦݣԼŪһˡ 
ҸĪ⣨ʵɢıȻõ˶Էϻ̳Ͽֵľ⣬ТĴһ֣ǰЩӶð¡Ϊһˣ¶ 
գգ۾һˣ 
ǡԸ޾ɺãԸɶŮ׼ҡ 
ұТǻôûоɺһ˵ʱ̫ԾˣҳԾһŴͿТˮˡ 
ТĿҵķӳԼŮΪԸ 
ȻʸԸҢ¡ȴΪ书Ϊò 
ТΪѻһڣȴ֪ҺǺڡ 
ֻһڡ 
ʩûжӡ 
Һĸ 
ТѪˣ۾ûȵĴţ֪СŮ޸㣡 
ҵŵĸˡ 
Ҳ֪Ŀѩ飺ѩ飬˾ҳú˧Ů޸ҡ 
ѩ鲻ңȴᡣˣĳˣ򲻸ˡҸѩ巡ڲõĸˡ 
ТںȲ裬ǲԾĵ֮ɫͻŴһûסȫԱߵӵϡ 
㡭㡭㡭ָҵֲͣķ 
ҰѩƵָĽǶȣԼһߣղŵĻ˵ģ 
ТȻǷǣŭĿӡҡѩͯ޼ɶҵϣһ䡰ᡱȻ࣬˺ҵԼĽŸ 
ί۾Ƶѩ巡 
ТĿҲע⵽Աɫˡ 
øѩ巣״̬ȻĿˮ̨һ˫ˮ˫ͫעТǧ 
½㣬ТƺʲôƵĿңͷ˵װˡĳ˵ӣĳĺܣʲôɫ 
ƿѩ飬ЦġӢ̸׼Һˣ̸Ҫҵ˼· 
һ仰㾦Тˣҵ֮֮⡣ 
ǷƵĺôӣ²͸˼·ˡ˼ĳҵͷСĽĻǣ¹棬ݷǷԭΪҽŮ֮жɫҢΪ˼ɫȴȻӣ䲻֮ˡԭð˷ϻ̳ϿֵҲǿСŮйӲıҡ֪δָ飬СŮò书ŵĵλƸܷ񿱿ϸµĹ棬ݷǷ 
ТһϯҺѩ已һۡ 
ԭ硢ˡ 
޷֣һͬ顣 
󵽹£С¡ 
ѩһҼ˲ָ֣֪̿һ£ļһּ⣿ 
ТֳưߺߣҼӣ˭δ 
Ͻڣƽ¡ 
üޡнߡ 
ǸʱҶ̫ӻûô͹۶ĹֻģģĿһ˶ЦЦֺݣ׼ 
ҲЦˡû߽⣬ȷһ 
ТҵЦ־ϲͬµ˶𣿳λɺǿһͱңɹĺô 
ҵͷЦۣͯǺǣҲôΪ 
ô˵˵ˡ 
šҶĿס֪֪֪ؽ̵书 
 
Ľ˵ؽ⼸꣬Ϊ书£ƷòУʱʱгϵѵ⡣ԲţȴΪ߳жҲ֪Ҵҵ󡪡书ôҲ书ȴ֪Ϊʲô 
۾ĵתѩ巡 
⵽ʲôԭءҿѩ巣ƽ 
ѩɫɽ 
Ϊĳ̫ʵ޷Ч½зףʳ˾Ѫ 
һϯϻЦģǶԷɫǴ䣬ТǺˮ£Ŀ 
ԡ㡪ָٴָңѵ㡪 
Ҳɫָܿķ̸ֹ䣬һɷ絭᣺ɲ˵ģʩĪҪָˡ 
ТþõĿҡ 
ǡܾá 



Ĺ£ôɢˡ 
֮ĺܶ£ȻĵĽУҲ֪ 
ŪͿˡ 
̫£ҡ 
Ҳ뱻£ 
£ҵԭҲ֪Ҳ֪ 
ȴ֪Լԭ 



֮㣬Ī辰 
֮вơ 
ԭΪɢɣвܾ־η 




8 
ԭΪɢɣвܾ־η 
ôнɫһ仰 
ӦñʲôϺúõúհհ 
 
ϧû 
ûͶ̫ӵԭ򣬺кܶ汾˵ʲôϡŹֵĶУûһӽ𰸵ġ 
ͷİ汾ѩġ 
˵ԼϲʳԲȥ 
ٷİ汾Тġ 
Чħ̣Ĵ棬ͼؽħ̻Իͣ볯ͥ͢ 
İ汾ѩ巵ġ 
Ϊ۰һؽôҲӦ乫һ糾Ůôϣ 
İ汾ġ 
ߣҢòЬ䣡Сôԣ 
ÿ˵İ汾ǳĲһÿ˶ǳ϶Ǿȷġ 
Ƿģ׶˵Ĵ𰸡 
 
ʵ١ȷ˵ġ˭˵ɵţ㿴ⲻͶҶ 
ôôĴУȴ泼Ǹ𰸣 
ź̫Ӹʦԣ˵ʲôҲԼԲʦֵ顣 
仰һ֣һ֣泼ġ 
ʤѩкȻ 
һûٶ˵е˼е˼Ҳ 
һоڲС 
΢Ц֪㡣 
ȻҾȴδˡ 
Тɲ顣бȻޡ̫ӵ֪ҲôܻΪһ͢˱زϷҡ 
¶СˡҪ书־ҪιҶҩΪҪЮ 
£˫¡ 
̾ 
ⲽ塭ߵʵǲ̫Ⱑ 
Ȼ·Ʊ仯м塣 
ТһţͻȻȫһһʮˣһҹУøɸɾ 
ʲô 
һվޱ𾪵ĿŴϢѩ巡 
ȷϢʹһɣȻڶϣһƬȻ 
ڶϡ 
ҾĿлĻһ֡öĸ֡иŵĹڡ 
ҿѩ巣ҲҡпͬĿ־塣 
ѩ־־ĿңʧԺûܵˣȻʹ 
ȻʲôȻòɣʸ߻涾նݳĺȫҲ治 
οŻൽǰȥģѩѩ鲻˵Ҳ֪ǵ³նô򵥡 
ֻǡû뵽ݵ̶ȡ 
һһ󷢺ֱ˵ѩޱȵǵĿң˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ֻǺܽĿҵı顣ѩ黹ڲ֪ǳĻҴꡣ 
ʹЩô˵ʹ˺ðΪԲŲȡô˵ķʽһֱвˣ˵ģһ 
ѩסڣ 
ҵһδĺѩ顣 
̾ͽˡûҶ˵ػ 
ȫΪʲôһһʮһڣ˫δմȾѪһٶҶѵҾͲ 
桭 
Ͼ 
ҵĲ 
ҲҵĻ· 
ˡѩ߹סҲϲıţѩ֪˼ʹµķӦóȻ£˻ɿѺʱ򡭡 
˵ĵȻ泼ļū˵ 
һı۾ƺҵѪϷɡ 



۾ʱҾͿ泼ʼһı飬Ŀҡ 
һ³ 
Ȼ΢Ц 
ҸɵġҿԼָصķġ 
ͷ׵ľҵĻ 
㡣ҲǰѶĢôĶҩ㲻ʹ 
˵ģʵҲϲ 
ЦĿôʦ֣άһ°ɣߴңʵĺϲԵ±Թŵ飬һϵûС 
泼ԣһ仰˵Ŀңһһ顣 
ǿṩһТΪ˺ܻеһ٣ô࣬ԡ 
Եһͷ˶Բԣ 
泼Ե 
֪ΪʲôҺȻһ󷢺 
泼︺ΧתͷԵ֪ȫܹдֶεľĸˡһǵʥϣһ̫ӣһǸ̫λӵĴӣһؽ 
϶Ǹӣ˵㿴㿴Т̫ӵӥצһ֮졭 
泼תĲͻȻͣסˣͷ죺ô˵Ҳûпԡ 
ǾǡʦǷˡ 
ֻǣҲΪʲôҪ̻ 
ƿԡ 
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô֪ǰ̲סѣ̲סˡ 
ʥϵȻûɱТҪԸ̫ӣ֮ϱȽҪŴݾߣ̫ԼȻ۰򣬶 
ʵ벻ʲôɿɱЩˡ 
ǵģʵĿ󡭡 
޿κε˵һ仰Ȼļһܡ 
ʹࡢŭ˺ʧĸо·ǱǿӸҵģ׺䶥㣬˶סˡ 
ôô 
ʹѰ𰸵ʱ泼̾Ϣˡ 
ʵҲʮֿ϶Ƽұ´ĴʯϣȻָд֣¡·ߣɱ⡯ľѶϣµˣǷëǣָ 
泼ڵ¾ĿԼƣصĿš 
Ҳĵµƣ֪ˡ 
Ǹ˵ָֺǽġɱҲһ㶼 
֪ġ 
ǡ֪ġ 
泼عͷҡ 
𣿡 
û˵˭Ƕ֪Ǹֻ˭ 
ҵͷ 
һ̵ʹ 
Ҷֲ壬ʹԼģǱǿӸҵġ 
泼ͷȻоʹѩ⽭ 
ΪʲôҪô 
һμ򵥵ʵ 



泼ĺܴ 
ʵжУֻ˵ 
Ҿ˵ˡ˵Ϊôġ 




9 




ϣһصԼķ䡣 
ԼһЩ֪꣬ 
ѩܵԶԶĶԼͯ޼˵ңѩùһëҲʪͷ 
һֱѩʲôʲôû˵ǸܴĺӣΨһȱǳʶ̫Ǹˡ 
Բű˵ίȫĻ˺üꡣ 
Բűйߣ 
ԡڱ۾뿴 
ѩ巣ȥϢɣһ˾һѩ鶼ȥϢɡ 
Լô˵ 
һѩӦһȻ߶̴Ŵ󡪡Źϵ 
Ȼ۾ſϣĵƻ𷢴 
ǲԭҲôʹ顭 
һΪҵģڵ߶죬ڱһʹǰˡ 
Цˣʣĵ͡ 
ƹһ¡ 
ͻȻĹʹҵġ 
ͬʱһǣźһ翪ˣһ 
һͷͿ泼ʪվſڣ·һ㡣 
ٿôǵӡҲûŴˣܾҶȷҿʵ 
ʵǲܡ 
Ҳ飬ΪƮģ㲻մء 
Ĳ飬Ϊ鲻˵Ҳôʵģӵ 
ĲˡԺҼʵļ񡭡 
סңΪ̫һ˵ϡ 
ȫӲڵϣϵѹӵһš 
ҵļ羱ʪͷһ 
壬ҵϷҲ۵ķ 
ҳɲ˷ġҵ֪ 
û뵽ԼҲˡ֪Ӧã̲סŭ̲סʣҼʵķô 
ҳɲ˷ģҵ֪ˡ 
ǰˢˢ续ˣ̾Ϳͬҹܹʹı顣ΪʲôףþõĿң˵Լܴﵽ粻ֹֹľ磬ҺֵĿ˵㲻翴͵ˡʦֺݺݵ̾˿˵ҵľĺܺá 
һЩ¾ɵӿ˳ĿԼôôĵƤЩ⻹йĹĬĬӵĿ⣬ݺᡣ 
Щ 
⻹йĹ 
Ҳֽıסıס 
ʦ֡㵱ʱΪʲôҪɽΪʲôҪɽء 
Ұͷǰ 
ҵͷƶɬʦܣ㻹ҪһУɵĸ顣û취ԽԽ޶ԣֵµʹһѵҵͷ룬Ҿˣ˷Ҳɲˡ뻹ɽɣɾһҵȵҹ͵ʱɽ㣬ͬҾΪһƬԶô֣㲻ͬҲǶҵĳӴһ¿ʼû뵽ᱻߡ 
۰һʲô壿ҳһƬʲô壿ԺҾ﷢ʮĹһһ 
һĴҲıסҵ´ݸ 
ʦ֡ʵʵҸ飬ǿҵġҶûʲô 
ˡ 
Һ֪һ㣬Ϊ֪ҵʹҳ˵˲ÿ˵ʱĹı顣 
ܿ泼˫ʹһصʵҵı鿴ôˣԲű˵ĻǸ־һӵĺС 
泼ܿҵ˺ۼɬЦЦϾǲȫĲİ㵹Եˡ 
˫գôҡԸ𡭡 
ĶͷҵĶͷ˫Ҿĸ 
ô᲻ء 
˵һ鷳 
ܲҲ㲻 
泼ڵһҹʲô鶼ûֻǰԼǵõЩǰ£óϸ˵һ顣 
ʪֲѣ𽥸ˡ˷٣ϸϸһͷīƵĳȻᡣ 
֣Ȼķ羰 
ȻҲİصһ𡪡 
ͷ·ӵ¡ 
ڶһ磬ûеʱ泼ĵ뿪ˡſڣͷҡ 
ӰϹ۾ͬҹĳ⡣ 
㣬ͺȫ¶һ 
˵ţЦţͺ񡪡ӵȫһ 
ԭǿͨģ롣 
ԭǿԷ۾ġ 



֮ѩѩ巺ܿͷҵı仯 
ѩ巵ıѩȻûɣѩ񾭾ȻҲˣǸ̾޳ѩ˵ֱ׳ģҲòɡ 
һӵĸﱯ졪ԭǾһ 
Ρ˵ÿֱӡҺúõġסһ£ܺõʱ 
˵ˣѩѩƺ̫ܹ泼 
ѩȻҵңǶ泼н١ȫ˹Ȧؽ̺֮ǣҲǴݺΨһε˾Һѩ飬Ҷ֢ˡ 
ѩǰݼΪϲѩԶкøУһֱԼڼûܵǼڻУ泼ӦǸ绽ԽĹֵϧ泼ʱû񡱺ãѩֻ۾һֱеƫ 
ⲢӰ֡Һ泼˹ؼҪһ١Ҳˡ 
 
ŭѵӦǴֿʼǰṈ̀ͺܲҲգ 
йҪ¿ſڴ̨ϷաҪܱѩ˵һ𣿰ڣ 
̸Щõ̸ 
ʦ֣֪Ժ㶼䵭ҶҸ׽װ˷˺öʱ䡭 
ʵҲһֱ׽ǱϾûˣһǲȷôġһ˼ǡ 
һ˼ҾͰηǲǣ㿴һǺǣ 
ף㲻˵Ǹôֱˣ 
¼˴ϼԶεġǺǡ 
΢ЦſңǼװ 
˵ʵǲ㲻СĵģǸըҲ¶Բԣ 
Ǹͷι˵ʦ֣ͨⶼܿ 
ߣƤˣʲô뵱һΰ򲼵ʱ򡪡 
סס֪ˣ㲻˵ˣ 
۾ֱһæ졣 
ҵһЦ»Ҳˡ 
ι˵ʦ֣˵㳤ôÿΪʲôϲأ 
ף㲻˵Լûô־Һÿˣ 
ĶҲежˣ˻ǰ˾ŲʮģǶԼļѲ׼ 
û־ֱ̾Ц 
ôв֪Լʲôģġ 
ǰΪʲôҶֵֹġ˵ҳúðɣֵŮ쿴ҾܣöҲ˵ҳҵҲô˵˵ҳɣôÿֻῴңְ 
ôˣϲϲ뿪ֵʱ15꣬ٹɫҲɲ˶򡣡 
ĿѲҵĸһҾúʱɱ˲١ɫˣҲʤٵ꣬дŮ˶ͶͱˣҰ类Ժˡ 
˵ҡ󣬡˵⼸жҵףɽɣ 
ţûȫҲˡ 
㡪 
׾ͱ÷񣿡 
泼˵仰ϻźܼ򵥵Цݡ 
飬һ絭ˡ 
ûԶ 



һ㣬һ㶼û 
ȫûС 








10 
һ㣬һ㶼û 
ȫûС 
Ϊ׶졢ȸһĶҩԼʮֻϲıΪȻֺԻ󣬶ڡ 
ҺѾжˡ 
״ĳ֣ҵʦ̬ȣء 
ʦûؼʱ̲¶¶ʱ̲ؼҲֻµϴͷɵóһʼǰװɮҵü˳Ŀװɮ 
СӣģͷغͲϹͷ𣿵ԣ 
С׺ӻһͷ϶˺ôһͷǲû죬ͺ¿ҲϻͯˣҲ֪ЩǶհʲôĹԡ 
ʦǿ֣Ƶʱɲ㰡Ȼֻܿͷˡ 
ұͷ­ίĴ󺰡 
ССɱȥɣҪһܰУתͷ㵱ͽͽ 
գգ۾գգ۾̾ͻĵЦݡ 
˳һ 
ʦȲ衭 
Цʮֵġš޳ܻ 
ʦȻ۽ǵķ֮һʿңС¸ʲôʵʵ˵ɣǲֵֺϢʲôģ 
ĴȻǵʦģ̳ܽ泼ͽܣһ۾ʶҵĹϷ˵ʺٲһݣʶİʦ黯ļ֡ұعؾľһʦ̹ԵʦǴǴ£۽𾦰ڱǰҶװ书ܲŪ˲Ӣۺú֪ô书ģ 
ʦ۽ǵķ֮һʡ죺ôҲ20ʦ㵱ɿǻҾͿ㿴 
ססͷʦֻҪô书ͿˣľͲþˣ 
Ҳǿġ 
ǡг羴 
թġ 
 
ʦĿһۣŷ飺ʵղŴʱҲһòһʧְװСͽܴɵ˰ɡνѼӲҵȻǲϳһʱʧˣɵǾǻõùûɵǾþɮǲϻ᷸Ǳ绹ϲֻÿˡ 
 
ܻաסе񫣬˭к¡ 
ʦûпұӣͷŷ飺գɮһ⡣ 
ȸмϣ 
ûһϰ 
ԡʦŷ飬Ƕ槼ֻ 
վʦ 
̧ͷ΢΢һЦͽǰ簡ıȱȸɶһϡ 
 
Ҳʦһյǡ 
ָ飬ȥ 
ݶĪ槼ܹȫˣʦСûСƹ㡭ʦ̾˿·ףһϻ۹˵ĺúӣΪʦҡʮֵο 
һ̣ҵȵ˳ɽڵҽˡ 
һ̣˽ʦĻŽĴʪʦֻҵͷֳָᣬЦŭεագҵĺͽ֣һ㾡µȫİȫȴƫƫϣԼһ֮ȥлؽ̡ȻΪʦҲ֪뷨ǳ棬ǻ޷롣̵ĸԣְֺް 
ǰɽϡɽ¶¡ 
ʦȥؽ̡֪Ϊ֮ܶ룬ʲôġǴǴ 
㸸ǺˣֻǱأ 
ǾȥɣǷǹģӹæס 
㸸ǻˣؽ̹Ȼаأ 
ϣܹлЩ꣬Ǳ 
̾Ϣڻҹ۾һҵĹ䡣 
հ뷨氡 
ǰ 
ɵɵЦšֱִɵֳ 
ҺΪɵ²ųġ 
ô֪Լʲôͬ 
ţÿ׹صʱ򣬶ǵʹġܶʱһͶˡ 
ǲ˵ʵңԶġ 



գʲô 
ң 
뵱һʷļ֤ˡ 



𾭶ĺܺãΪʦǹҲѡ 
ʦḧҵͷߴЦᡣ 
Ӱͷϥ䣺ǡʦʲôûɡʲôܸı䡭 
ʧ𣿡ͣҶʡ 
ĵȴһҡҡͷ֮ǰһ㣬뿪ˡ 
ôˣһЩνҪţҾ룬һҪ 
ʦ̾ÿϲ̾Լ֪ͬʦܶ飬ܶװ¿͸͸µˣڱˡ 
գ֪м𣿡ʦͻȻҡ 
գգ۾գգ۾ȻǴôƻˣж϶İɡ 
ģֻһϡ 
ҳԾĿʦʮı飬Ӳ˵ѡ 
ΪһϣױԺٻԼĳԼĽ·ߵѪҲϧ 
һϡҪıȱЩ 
ʦ 
ǰɽʱռһʮֵձ࣬һһﲻΪˣҶĻִȱԸϣΪˡ 
ʦѵǰ͹ƵҺ 
ǳҪа档Ϊߣһپ٣ΪߣһʼϣĹˣȹգعһƬֻǡ 
Ų㣬ȴ˭Ҳǿ顭 
ʦʮּɬʮֿ϶ԵҪҡҺʹʦãҪ˵ЩΪҡ 
ʦþõĿңĵͷֵ˵㡣 
ҲһúӡǰȻɽ֮ʱΪʦлʮ갡 
ʦǰͶͽһһ⣬ͽҲҪһһĶ 
ԭҲˡ 
ʦеķ齻 
գ֪ΪռĲ֪ΪǣռĽ𣿡 



˫ġ 
ͯͯĻҶ 
ĲһЦ 
ĺ뵯ָ 
壬ɺһ 



ɳޣ˫档 
һ٣һ߿ݡ 
ߣƹǡ 
ߣ½Ϊ 
壬Х 



˫ 
ܹεܹ 
Ϊ㶯¡ 
Ϊˣ˰˷ 
壬հ׷ 







11 
Һʦһֱĵҹ뿪ʱѾҹˮ 
ǵúܾǰҲͬһĻ 
ʦӵĿ΢ЦųȥȻ󡭡ܲҵıż˸ʺ 
ʷǾ˵ư 
ҽűӻصķ䡣 
ĵùôôͬĵطˤΣ 
һ·ţһΪԼʧܰûѵүע߳ˣ˧ѵһΣضһΣ 
ѵ콫˥Ҳ 
̤ŵʱڷ޷޲ƽ쳣 
ʦܣˣ 
ѯʣһе硣˰ʤѩһ֣ҵı·У 
ʦ֡ôô 
һ۾һȻ±˵ʦǰȥĪǡĪΪҡ 
ĵͷţ̸ˡ 
û뵽ôֱӵľ˵ĵ飬һסҵüһţ˵ʲôʦʦǲǻԡ 
ҡҡͷʦûôСỹ㲻² 
ôСˡʦɫЩ֪࣬ʲôСֹʲôҪͽָܵĳաȡĴԿա 
ұе־㱣ȻҲˤһӣ仰ȴЦǸ˹ȻûƷģʦĻͽ֣ܵһͷһֹķɧҾЦøθһ 
ʦķŲⰡĳ̶Ȳֵܵɽ޷ˣ˼Ҵһ˸ͷʼչڻ 
šܿ鰡 
ЦҾӦýնʦĴͽܽнŶԣͷ 
˵ʦָϴϴԣĶͽܽа˽ˡ 
ҵЦ˼ӣ̾ˡ 
ȡ使꣬Խȣ֮⡭ 
ͺ¿ġ 
ŭڣİ 
찡ҵһӢ˭֪Ǹͽܵ󰡡ʦֵ˿ͣǸǻۣǵڲ٣ôĳִ࡭ôܸٷδ˼˰Снҡأ 
ߵ׳ʿıûע½̽һǰ׾ꡣʦۼ⣬ָǿ׾ңʦܣ㻳ﴧʲôʲ 
Уҵͷ˳ʦֵָ 
ǰȻаװ׵һͻأ 
ʦҵϿ˳ϣ˴ʦ֣ʦϧҶ٣һ㶼ܸ˵ʲô𣿡 
ѪingͽܣѧѧﶼˣǵضⱿͽܸˣ 
ǰʦڿĵطĪѪ飬Ȼǲֻ֪֪泼ϸĿʦİ׾꣬ſţкȻʹѩ⽭ 
ߣƹǡ 
ߣ½Ϊ 
ţָڰ׾Ľ涡 
һ˵˾ѹı̾ϣҲԽס˺ҿĽëڵĶţپѡ 
Ȼҡ 
ʮѹı顣 
աһһеĻ 
뿪𣿡 
Ҳݡ 
Ҵͻأվָץס֡ 
һһеĻ뿪𡭡 
ʦֵıѾһˣĿңǿԼڲ 
Ҳ֪ҵ˵Ĳʦ֣˼𡭡ǡ𡭡 
ЩɬЦˣָָһֱǫ֮СˣѵѾˡƹǡĵزˡȻǻʵġҵеһжްɡһСΪ 
ҵĻ 
˽ܰ 
ٺٵЦţȴһ㻶ֵ˼ûС 
ûаοûг 
Ҳ֪Ӧôο˵οԼ 
ԶԶĿһۣ־У·˼֡ 
ȻǲԸ𣿡ɫҰܣɫʧȻǲԸġ 
ʦ̲֡ס֪Ҳ˼ֻ˵һʱ޷ܣҡ 
ĿңҼȥ 
޷ܵ˭˭أ 
ûͷûԵķһ䣬Ȼ󵭵Цˡ 
ңԶİ 
ָ޵ָһطͯͯĻҶʦܣʦûСƹ㡭ҡҲûС 
̾˼ 
ҵ˼һ 
Ҳǿ±ĻЩΪ˿ķӦ 
ķӦȻеģҵķӦȴеġ 
泼еȻʧ⣬ֻѾԶԶҵ 
еȻʧ⣬ֻ¡Ҳѷ 
Ȼ⡣ΪͬȻҲǲֻͬǡ 
СĺжΪĶأȴڻûʧʧңԭܸȻǷݡ 
١졢¡ 
ԭ 
һġ 



ʦ֣ΪʲôҪôأа̾οûҪƽϵ飬ʶ15ˣѵ֪һɢ𣿡 
עһ㣬һ㣬ѻ˵ 
ѵ֪뷨𣿡 
뷨·ʶظҵĻпٵһ˿ʲô 
ҲĻᣬ̽ӵʦ֣֪ʲô㻳Ҷ飬޷ȫȫĶ㡭Ҹһ֤ҿԷġ 
ҵţڸԼһע 
ϣΪ֤ԣŽգҴʦ֣ÿһ飬ԶԲʦ֡ҽú 
Ȼеĳطͬ˵ 
ϡ 
Ϊ֤ 
ԡ 
Ҫ 
ҲҪһࡣ 
ҲҪհ׷ 
ҲҪ 
ΪĽ 




12 



롣֮ϿɶԼֶžڶˣĳϵͬɡ 
泼ҰѶķң˵һҷĵĻ 
ʦܣʲôʱʼ֮ҲҪ¼ˣ 
ȻǶĻҵͷ 
ӽ㻹ǵСʦܣҳšʲô롭ʲôȥ롭 
ĻмϣһóġֵƣУҵĹȻҵ˹һ㰲֪ҵĸ飬ʮɽĴ棬϶ϲܱȷѪ꣬ȥ 
ԣҪⱲֻ 
ӴԺֻҼ򵥵СУ£ǵĿš 
Ȼ 
ʵôĲ⡭ 



ʲôҪؽ̵书̸泼㴴ѧķգ 
ѩ˵ûûѩһֵĿ⿴ңһԲ 
ɳǸƣֱ졣Դ϶ϼҵŶϵ˰ٱûɹ̫һȫӿɾ֡ԽǸˣҵı־Խѩ 
ıӼƵҵıˣôأ㲻˵Ҫһǰ޹ˣߵΰôôͷˣһ㱧кܴأ 
ȻҼһŵıǸҪӣǰ޹˺ߵ鰡ҸıĿ˶ѡ 
ףʲôˣѩɰ۾ 
ǰ޹ˣߵķôİõ𣿡 
ֱ׳Ļش 
Ŀɿڴ 
ǵѩҵĶӡ 
Ͷء 
ôֱͦͦĵȥſڵ°°תȥĵĿѩ巣³ӣҪҪһ°òԻ˰ɡ 
ѩ鳹׷˰ۡ 
ѩ已ҵĲƴڻȻһĿңޱˣô 
Ҳоʲôˡһôʹôһ˳еأְ֣ǶǸеĸ֣еĴˣǶܸıб¸ı䰡ȥͷĴˣܴܲһǶȷıʡ 
ôͽΪ 
һҴûһؽ̣ѩɲҪˡ 
û̳ϵķ࣬ʲôأ 
Ҽɫ䡣ǶΪ˹ԼһϷ޹ء 
ѩҲ޻ͷüͷ 
ѩͬѩδɵҵˣô˵ʹ㡢ҡѩ巻ǲģôɲҪ𣿡 
ѩ鲻ȴǼǵ˱չˡΪʳǱֻһ;϶öֻһ;ΪǰѱɡûҲʲôûˣһѱɡֳˣҷǳļʱ 
ѩȻﵽʲôǼį׵ġ 
˻ţʱķŭѩҲ׵ġ 
뵽ѩȻûûµƴҡҵļ򣬼ҡɢˣ˰ɲҪִ治鰡Ҫ֪ɵû˹㣬Ҳû˹㣬㲻ϧĴˣ㹼˵һǻǾ͸ӲӦˣο 
ιι˵Դ˶Բԣͷ­Ŀΰҵѵǲϣؽ̿Ըı˵ϰѵǲϣı˵ѵǲϣΪؽ̵ˣ𣡡 
һϯ˵ȻԼ÷ǳ⡣ѩȻһһµģ͹¹ҽаְ֡ 
ûгȻһĻͱȽ緹ˡû˵ԭҪԭǵʱѩ˵һЧĻ 
ǲǲıؽ̵״ֻǲˡ 
һﾪˣѩתͷѩ巰ְ֡һѩ巵Ĺϵ񲻶ԣİѻ˻ȥͨ졣 
ҵעҲȫȻŵѩ巵ϡ 
ˣǲ泼 
Ҳֻ֪ǲԾĸеΣСѩĿңˣ̫ҲʱҾ;ﲻ̫ƽڰһΪʲô书߳ôȴҴֻǴˣΪʲô泼ȴڼΣգΪʲô̫Ӽһѵͨı£ΪʲôһͻȻеָָ 
ѩƺҪ˵ȥȷɵĴĻ 
ѩ巣ҾǺܴôһ˵Ҳкö⡭Ҿ˵Щѵ飬Щȥ 
ˡ 
һԭ򣬡һָֻǰĻζš 
ҵЦڻζı󡣡泼ֻҪеȻͲˡ 



Ϊʲôڶ 
Ϊз硣 
 
ġ 
ڶ 



׵ŻƵ 
̽ҵĵ׵ˣ׵УƵУֻºڵϣҲ١ 
泼Ȼż©˵С꣬ʪҵұۡ 
泼ȻҲ뵽ң̫˵ң˵Ǵ򹷿ˡ 
˵ˣǡڽɼ 
˶ѡ 
ѩȻû˵Щ˼ֳıˣֱ˵һˣûһꡣ 
ˡô泼𡭡Ҫ֪泼书ǻۣҲɱТ 
Ҳ˵׼ѩ巵ġ 
һ泼ҲƭΪЩ顭 
ûΪκ顣ҳģ¶ֻ֪Ϊʲôչʮʮܷ꣬ҵĹΣɽķֻΪҸˣںɽϴҶӸһһ硭 
֪ΪʲôҵЩ϶ĲᣬһҵǰģģʲôҲǴұɽŮ۸ʦ־ȻɫȥҳͷôʵЦš޹Ļ 
ҡ 
Ĳ֪˭ˡ 



ͬĻ泼ǰ˵һ顣 
飬ǣ֪뷨 
仯ĪĽ˺˵Ĺϵ˵᧿ΣһȻ֤ʲôȴҲ򲻿ɡ 
ȻȻģ泼Ҳ۾סò˵ 
ָоںңԶĹȥһǸӣÿҶһҪĻ˯ 
ĸоĺϤ 
 
ůĴ 
ҾͲ̫ǵˡ 
æ۾泼ƵĽ˧ʦ֣ղʲô 
գգ۾ѵõġҲӦ飬ѵ𣿡һżϻӣЩЦǹչҪҡ 
 
ʦ֣ʦ֣̫𣿡 
ʦգգ۾գգ۾ʮĿң϶СӸþĶ˸Ķװʲôװʲôⲻʲôʲô 
ôʵﻹǺܵģҲӦ飬Ӧߵĳ򡭡 
ıֱЦԷǡһʲôЩĳѵòǻҪýƸĮ̧̇Űɣ 
ǲˣҴ·һѿҴϼľ󡭡 
죡Լһ 
ʦЦöӶˡ˵հе㳣ʶòãҸֹģ㲻ĻҪʲôųҪʲôְɡ 
ȻҪˣұһųŤҾǻǴǣֿʼˣҾñȽ 
ǣֶǣ˿20ˡ 
Ǹ岻һȻӵʲôġ 
㴩ɿʱұŵġ 
簡һˣ>_<,ȻȻһôʲôʱС 
ֽţּΣֲ泼һֱǺÿĲ˵۾һֱЦſңҸӵĽšΡ 
ʲô֪Һܳ󡫡Ĳ˼ˣס 
˭˵ˡ泼ҷſ֣۾ϴתʱգһһصӺǸʱ򣬲֪ٽŮ㣬Ҷἵʵġ 
ʦֵһ㶺ˣôȸҲܱ˶ԲԡлױԻΪҲû˵ǸеͿ֬Ĩڸࡣ˵δʦ֣Ҳ˼ֱ˵ԣɵɵ˵Ǹʱʲôʱ 
һɽװЦĳĵҹ 




13 
Ҳ֪ˣ鱣ӡҺʹʦֿ֣ĳСʱⶼֺǣȻһƬ㣬޾κ˵Σա 
̫ʧŵʱѹɽׯĿһ뺣ˮһ档ҲƺԼΪεΰĿ֪꣬ĸңĽǷƽƽļֱ˷ 
ȻôȻСҡ 
ѩ˵ſڴ̨״òĸƯСã»˰ɣ 
һοѩµǿҵײŵͣҾ̲סģѩ棬䡱һ¡ 
ѩ˦һ˷֮ߵ۰ףСϡ˵˵һ쵹ôڲŷְ 
ͷ£˵ӡæԱߺĵġػѽˣ֪ѵúⰡ 
ûʲô˼ 
ûʲô˼һֱš 
ΪͰ̫ˣѾˡ 
 
һյ蹦 
ӴӴӴӴӴӴ 
еĸɱƵģǷļһѩƨ᲻÷һͽеľ춯أ𣿣ҷ޷޲ƽ¼Ӵ 
ô֪ôãôҲڴϱ˵ãôһֻǷְֽڴҲô˼ҵ𣿡 
һ仰ͺˡǸʱ򡭡ǸʱǱĶʲôʱһһ° 
ôôܹñ֪أ 
ϻడ˭û͵ģͽгвˣ˧׳ղװᣬ㷸ŭ 
˰ɡѩôɵġѩŭȻЩˣץԪ׾͹˳ȥ 
תͷԪס 
ôġԪ׹ȻԼĶйϲ踣ҺȻǬôôһǡ 
Ϊʲôѩô 
ôע⡭ˣ˯˯̫ˣϻˡ 
ǡΪʲôԼ֣ȴҪѩ 
Ϊ̫׳ˣӰԼ󡣡 
ǸһŸо˾ôźȻǬ˵šĻҺѩУѩͻȻߴ 
ԭǶſڵ°° 
ȻѩԱһǺĳ˷ǳǳ󡭡ǶˣźϾĵ½ǣüһǲǿ˵ˣ 
仰ҵ̨ʡұعؾİ뵽£ĸԸĸСˡ 
Ȼͣ조ѪɡôΪʦҡʮο 
ôקϣȻҲмơѪб۾ң³ÿֶбըЧ 
ҡ桢ߡ㡢ԡơšġˡǡԡ롢 
ֹȻɫʧҴĿѩ 
ô֪ 
һ˿ӵı飬øӵĿһֱҡ 
ôҵġ 
˵ 
ŲŰɡ 
ұһվ˺ܾãȻ·ͻȻһ㣬ߵѩǰ£մŲˮд֡ 
ˣ 
û˵롰ֻһˡ 
ѩԥ˺ܾãҲдһ֡ 
ԡ 



ԡ 



·һǿҵϡ 
ˣ 



©ĵһ£ҿ绪վЦЦúȻ 
ԭΪ½Ϊȴû뵽ԭ 
ɽʮ꣬ûйжΪµС 
ԭΪôġ̫Σˡ 
дֵ֣ûа취 
ѩ֣ƺĸ 
 
Ҳֵô𡭡 
Ҽᡣ 
ѩ֣Ͷĸˡ 
ˡҰʾǿ 



˰ûǲܰѺڹͷϡ 
Ļѩ֡ 
װ׵ĸҡ 
ҾǸ׳ա 



ϴʦҡʱʮĲɡ 
һ뵽֪ĸڰĽ˫񶾵۾ĿתĿңҾͻγһδСģľΡ 
գôˣôܰĴ 
泼Ӷ滺۾һ˫ˮ˫Ŀסҡ 
Ǹûоýҹ硭ǳ 
泼üͷʦܣ㲻Ѿؽ񹦵ĵھŲȣôеĸо𣿡 
ûб͵ĸо 
ҲûСҡҡͷңҵһֿ͵˵ĸо 
һ㿴ʲôˣ 
ָչǰһָﲻһ𣿡 
 
룬ʦִŻûҴɿǵ¶ 
ʦ֣ˡҰյķ·˫ȣµĸ˵˵Ųɵġ 



ҹصһҵĵƹ⣬¶ҹɫ 
飬ĺܲʺϸղŵ泼ķ׿ԽҲ·ۿһ㣬ڵƹԵò԰ס 
Ųɵġ 
ô˵ţ赭дһ㡣 
 
ô˵ţ赭дһ㡣 
ȻǾþõעӣעӡעӵ룬˭룿˭ǻȸ 
뵽ԼҲġ¡Сĵ˵ЦȴӦĵ˭˺ͱԵĹϵתţȻ֮䡣 
ɼЦĲԼ 
԰ԹȻһɺӿ˹˲ҵѪҺͱˡ 
ҹȻôҲľô硣 
֪ˡ 
֪ 



ϻ˿ҵı͵ϮҵĻһ˶ûС 
ҷɾأǴˡ 
ټúסѨĹǾͱΨһһ 
뻳һ£ֶûɡ 
һЦôܸ˵ 
ڴɱ𣿴ھͶ𣿡 
ǰҹˮһҷֲǰҹɱ 
ֻˡ˵˺ö࣬϶ûķϻʲô˵ô˰þò˰ûгְ㿴㿴Χִһ硫 
·һƬҶƮ䣬棬õĸоҵĺϡ 
תȶ 
Ǻ̾Ϣ 
ȷȷʵʵ 
 



ʲôˣʲôǱߣ 
һæҵĺХӿ˹ƹͥԺյһ㡪ҲòԴűԺɽׯķʩһһĺá 
ֻϧ϶ܲĵƹ£ֻһͬľͷһɵվţ˷ͬ־ǵı֡Ҽź󣬶жСһħ̵ôʧ뷨 
ħ̷ӡࡱΪʲôкˮ޵ôѿԾȻֻΪµķʣ˵ķϣһ¡ 
ҡ 
Ҳ֪Цʲô 
Ҳ֪Һʱɢȥ 
̧ͷ 
ˮ¡л 
¶ 



ǳ 
ҹ 
Ϊ˭ꡣ 
 



14 
ϣҲ֪ԼôԼķġ 
ֻ֪ѩڵſ˯ˣҲһѵʶ 
Ǹһˡ 
ȥ 
ߵı顭Į۾ 
ָĴ˵ת˿Ȼ 
񶾵졭ָԸ񡭡 
ָĸо 
 
 
 
ˣˡ 
ָĸоͻȻնһ˫۾ӵ¾Ŀҡ 
Լ 
̡ 
ƼǸˡǸˡ 
ͻȻͲˡŷ·ʲôصôһ£ҼЩֱת뿪ϢĴ 
ֻǡ 
ˡΪʲôö˶˵ģҪȥ 
ҵͷһȻʶУҵһڴϣҵֻ֣ҲǳǡôĿס˴ߡ 
͡ƺֻһ͡ 
ҵѵɿΨһĻ 
ôˡ 
ҹ򶨵ĴӴϷ½ĵ½ǡû£˶պñ㿴չ˶һڡ 
ѩ۾תţ̲סſϷЦ 
ҰüͷСӣʲôʱôûûСˡǰ˷ 
ġЦˡҹģ˶಻ð㳳ˣݲݡҲǲDI 
˵ҡֹסЦ̧ͷҹĻͲᳳȻ鰡̸̸ô̸ʲôûУ 
ЩɻĿѩ巡Сӽϳǹҩǲǣ˵ôô̡ 
ҡҡͷ 
ͷ۾Ͽû˵Тʹɱģ 
ʵʵĻش𡣡˵ˡ 
ʲôӦ 
ʵʵĻش𡣡ң˵𣿡 
ЩѩĿҡ 
ʵʵĻش𡣡Щ 
һʱ䷿ﰲĺܡѩ˳˼ҼɵɵĿ⿴ܹܲ 
֣Ȼû׷ϢѵʹϢһ㶼Ȥ𣿡ѩţ̧ͷˣҾ泼ܲ򵥣㻹Сһ㣬źá 
СģҿЦһ£ͨһڴϣŴ 
Ҳ֪ӦСġ 
Ͼǽܲˡ 
СĴСҳĴʦ֣ 
СΪȻɽĴʦ֣ 
ôĵ 
ôĵ 
ѩ巰˵ҶŴѩôļһﻹҸĽƺʲô룬Ϳе顭 
ѩڵ·ǳһˡ 
˵ʲôѩֻǵòá 
ǰܵƫͷüįյҡ߮ĵƹ⣬Ҳôĵʲô롭 
ҹȻкܴ 
ġ 
ѩҲġ 
һѹþõĿҡ 
˵Բ 
ҲΪʲô˵ 
ЩҶ̫ס 
롣 
˵ 
˺˵ǲͬġ 



ڶѩ巿ҵĿ⣬еѹġ 
Ͼô֪ߵغ˾Ȼ˸ǰѵһʱڡ 
ܿ;ĵͬ飬ͻҡ 
ˣʧôѩ巣峿ĳ޷ȵļţô԰Լĸڹһأ㱾͹ˣﻹǣ 
ҵͷǰϿŵҾĴķߣ޹ʼ򣺡û취Ǹˣ˵ʲôҲҪЩʩһ쿴Ҳ˳ˣʬ𼣵ľУҲĺԩ 
ѩйĿңͱͱǰĸ裺ˣҴ㡪ƾôһƤΪܹסʹıɱ𣿡 
ҵͷԼҲЩѡҸԼûϵ书ͬΪŲ㣬Ҳôһ㣬иƤܹͷһʧˡ 
ѩһ찡Ķ̲ס 
ܵȥˡ 
ˡΪ˷ֹѩ³˸ɣѩֿ֣ҾϿ뿪Ƿ֮أϱ𴦡Ⱦһ¡ݡ 
ʦܣʲôװЩ·һžײ泼һޱȳԾĿҡ 
 
ܺãҷǳѸٵָգͼתƴҵע 
ʦЩ˵Ŀҡ 
ǸǾýܺúʺ书ίĽ֣ҾװǿܹܲҹԪʹк 
泼ŽɵĿҡ֪Щеȷķֹк߻ħ˷һߣڱ֮ء 
ͷҲ˹һɡ 
ҵͣ緹Ч߻ħһϹ˵һһͷһԵ亹 
泼ңģͷϹȻϸܵĺˮ 
ȻǲҪǿĺá 
ȻͷԱߵǿʮͬĿǿĬްз𡭡㰲ĵȥɡ֪㷢߷衭㱾⡭ 
ްз𡭡λʩҲĵȥɡҲâڱĸоʵʲô¡û 
Ȼģһ˫ʮ֣Ḳҵ˫ֺʮ 
һ۾泼 
ֿСʱˡ΢ЦſңȫǾǹ龫ֵģ̲סϲĽ 
ЦЩѿʦ֣ǿɲԻطģǹ컯յĴ 
ʦֱҪĴͣ˰С 
ʲô߷ԲʮĽŲҶûˣĺˡ 
ȷ 
ա 
֪ЩͷӦʵ㣬ܡҲһ书µڸء 
泼ͫͻȻһ죬쿴ҡ 
һڲ֪ôĺ˵ţʦ֣Ҫ֪죬ɽɽұȻ֪ҳˣеṦɱҺöˣ̤ѩ޺۵ҲǱȱȽǡ 
𣿡ЦţķſңΪʲô֪ṦҲµģֻһأ 
˫üһȻһԿ䱬Ѷǰﶼֱ졣 
ңһһϣΪ֤ԣŽգҴʦ֣ÿһ飬ԶԲʦ֡ҽú 



Ժö찡 
˺ܾҲŷӦ˵ġ 
ʦܣĺܲ仰ҵĸо̫ûаȫˡ 
ôģɫĿҡ 
۾ƺֱ嵽 
Ǳ̨ǣңͲҪǸˣһ㣬һΣԡ 
ɵҲ᲻˼ 
㲻ףҲˡ 
һվǰõ㲻һշѹʱ 




15 
̾һ 
һѺãᣬɣԭˣ书ٸҲֻʺϵš 
ܳΪ 
ƻ 
ַɡ 
 
뺣ǡ£۾££вš 
ǣĮӵܵܵ䣬Ȣ˳ϵĶŮȻһ޳ɡ 
泼εºܣȻߵͬ뺣ͬĵλ 
ֻ£Ҳͬ뺣ͬ 
ͻȻ岻Ķһ£ֹԼȥЩҲû뵽ǡ 
Ҳ롣 
Լ롣 
泼¶ɥл⡣ҲˡҵļʦܣղŶеǿϲķϣϣ㲻ҪԹҡ 
ҡҡͷ 
ʦ֣ԭͻˡҲԡתһߣĵֻʮֵĲףӺʱεؿʼ֮䣬Ҳˡ 
ڼϵֲĶһ¡ 
Թң 
ܲҲܹо̽ӵĿֱֱı 
һһ㣬ЩЦʲõֻɽǵСУմǰѪȡҿһһ֪ʦֳƬգǷͬɽģ 
泼þõĿңܳһʱһ鶼ûС 
˺ܾǳٶ۵ĲŸоһֺܿµı顣 
ģҿͬѰ㣬һһС 
ָı棬ҵա 



աʲôԲ飬ԭ 



ûеȵҵĴ𰸾뿪ˡ 
ǸįıӰȴԶҵļ 
ǰһĻһ˸еĻ 
աһһˣ㻹𣿡 
ͻȻˡ벻仰ķ 
ָоǳ嶯ģصģҪȥ̵ 
Ҵ֪ҶıӰͬѰģܵʹ 



ҽԡһţнա 
ʮұǸֵܿСУ뷨ҲǳĵҲ١ 
ֱһҷ¹ѺĴħͷҵӴ˿ʼıˡ 
మĴʦɽȻұٳֵؽ̣ 
ȻΪնŻ˰׵ҲһΡ 
еĵù£ĳԵļһйϵҲĽȴҵġ 
һΡ 
ѩĿޣѩ巵ĻԣһоξһʮֵĲʵ 
ҷ·һƬͻȻʱҡţѩѹ 
̫ˣãŻԼߵ˶ˡ 
ڴʱѩ۾ãȻĿҡ 
Ȼ˵һһӶǵĻ 



ΪʲôҪޣ飬İ 



һʱг嶯ţʲôʲôˡ 
ֻǵ仰ֻǵ仰 
һʱ 
һľǰ 
·ĸա 
ΪʲôҪޣ 
飬İ 



泼Ҫ㣡 
Ϊʺҵһνڵ֡ 
ŰһҵƼ䵯صķǽϡ 
泼µʮҲڳһʮһ˫۾ĿתĿҡ 
ʮˡԭǺڵɷǣнʮءȴǰ泼һշ泼һսûþ͵ĵλ 
ʮ˶ĳΪаسɷ𣬽ϻ˭泼ʵ֪̾ˡ 
ڣʮͷӹȻ׺ݵĿ⿴ҡҷ 
ҲҷҡҾͷɻȥҵɣҵɣҵɣ 
泼Բ 
λǰʦҪ̣λĳһ㡭 
Ȼʮ׺ݵĴǹ̾ҡβ뿪ˣҶò泼ȻĶշô 
ŹϺ泼ԱȡһյƵ˽ǰң֪ν£ 
£Щ泼Ҵǻ˵Ҳ⻹ɽׯģ᲻֪Ƥӵ·ʲô飿 
רעĿҡΪѩ己飿 
ͷ¶һγƺ֡泼Ҹ㡪ؽ书İأһЩۻַ࣬ʽȥ˺ˣȫԼ 
ž 
泼İѲյڵϣԣʲô˼㻳ǲǣ 
㻹˭ѵؽ̵˻ᵽĵҰĸĵӣ 
ЦȻѧһЩؽ̵ڹķȴһûǵ书ΪʲôҪѩ 
ѵˣЦſ 
泼ĻָֻܿĿҡ 
ԡʵʵһ䡪 
ɽׯ֮УȻֻ㡢ѩѩؽ̵𣿡 
Īһ 
泼ңЦƾ泼ڵ书ڵĵλڵݣҲ˵ѧؽ̵书ѧˣȻҲмۻķʽԼЦ£飬ٱҲ֪ɱڣʬ𼣣ҷңҵĲǣ 
һ 
οԲô򵥡泼عͷһ˫һ۾ңܰͷϱ˷ֱڴϣ㵹˵˵Ϊʲô壬ԼĴϣ 



Ե 
ŭͷһ侲̾͸ܵ˿־塣 
֪һı 
ˡ 
ȴԼʲô 
[lisaping] 



16 
Ҵ泼ƣĻصԼסʱ˵Ĵ󳳡 
Ǳ˵ĵ̣ܵⲻô󣬲֪ΪʲôǾͿԡ󡱵ĳǸӡ 
ҳȥҲ뿴ʱ򣬲̤ҵķ䣡 
Ϊʲô˺˲ңΪʲôҶԸ 
ῴ㣡㣬ڲͣжహ࣬ڵжǣ 
巶̫࡭Ҳġ 
˭Ҫͬ鰡ľǿˣ 
ƿһĽкƹƹҵһһ˿޵ĸһ˳ڴ̹ǵıĿҡ 
ҲֻԵĿ 
˰ɣ 
ѩ΢ƫͷַŭĿңһζá㡱 
̾Ϣţȥְοɵıܿˡ 
Ҫø泼ҡĿ֣ʲôޣҪҡ 
ҵֽڿУҲֻεķ¡ 
ֱͷˣһǸţ 
ѩ顭ѩֻһʱܲˡҪʱ򡭡 
Ҫɡѩ޲ЦţϻŴģӨˮǸˣֻ㡭飬Ҳֻߣҡ 
ĿɿڴĿѩ飬һ㶼ǰһĻ 
ѵ𣿵һܿ࣬һһоҪӪȵ˾˻ȡ֮ԳʲôĹұͺԥɱңڣ㱳ȴһԹûС㵹˵˵˵Ĺ⻷ͬΪ˵ҵʲôͬ˴ң˴㣡 
ҵͷһѣΣһʱټ٣ʵʵǰһתҲ֪ԼʶЩȷģЩǴġ 
ѵѩ巰ң 
 
ġ 
Ҹѩ巣εգѩ巺ѩĻۣǲ棬οο 
ˣǡ 
ѩ飡ҲҪˣҪʧӴ˲Ҫǰ֣ 
ȻѾ֣һ߿ţһ߷ŭѪᡣ 
ѩǿĴϢƬ̣ģ¶һЦݡ 
㿴㿴˰ɣ 
Ҫһ뿪Ļ 
Ǿҡ 
ȴ㡣 



ѩȻˡ 
ͷѩϵ˱⡣ 
Ҳ֪ǲǴĲˣֱͽʮֵĵġ 
ûа취Ȱ 
Ļķ벻 
õȻġ 
ѩڴѻ˵ʮ־ϡ 
ԣβ˵ 
ѩһʱطͷղŵĻ˰ɡ 
ȻҲ䣬̬ȼ 
Ҳò򾲷ˣ 
ղŵĻǲϡֻиʣʵ޷ٹ 
ѩ巰û˵һôڴϣٷ 
˵ѩأֱԡѩ޹أˡ޷档 
лͷôĺӣȻһ͸Ӧˮ© 
ϣ ФʩŰ㣿 
áǡ 
ʩŰ㣬ɷ֪ԭ򣿡 
áСν 
֪ڱʬͷ 
á֪ 
˭ɱģ 



 
֣·йԣһҵ 
Դʹ֪˽ؽ̵书֪泼ʮֵġС£泼ʹȻѾʱʱСģȴ泼Լѧؽ书ǰ书ˣñ˵ƷǴȫ泼û뵽˵˿ӣвֵסʩֻѧղһʱ̵ֵˣȵϵѡ 
ѩȥˣֻİͷ죬ǿ̵ļһ鴤 
 
ֹãѩ已˵ 
ˣˣʹ㡭 
˵ 
赲顣 
㡣 
ҲĪҪ赲Ҫ顣 



ѩѧĿǣѧ˸ʮʮ 
һСģͻñҵǸˣ 
ƽƽеľŭʹ࣬ҲĴҸͬܡ 
ĸо 
Ȼԡ 
飬ܿͼˡ 
ʮ˲һˣʮˡ 
һ˾ǽһһĸ֣ʮ˺һ𣬼ֱ޵С 
ǻǰһΣһΰܸ泼ܵķڷ󻹱泼Ϊ 
ʹһ˵泼ֶΡ书ı޴ҡ 
ԭһ棬˽ֵȴĹ»һ顣 
ʮ˱˷ֶԼסȻҩ͵Тģһģһ 
·սһ㣬дģǳĿī顣 
·ߣɱ⡱ 
⣬еĵըмҪؽˡ 
ȻַͬɱĴţɱ泼ұʮˡպգڰ֮ճȥ̸ɫ䣬Σ 
ڣʮ˵ʬ壬ķ 
ѩ巣Ȼ벻վҵԱߣޱĿŽ¿ֲʬ塣 
Ȼޱ飬ϸȻ֣ᷢȫŽŵϢһ˫۾ҲǾޱȾĿҵıӰ 
ôţԵıӰ̧ͷдŵĻز顣 
ԭҲ֪ԭʹ֣дôá 
ѩһģûڵءޱεʰݣԹˣʲôʱעЩҪ飬 
һͷ۾ 
ʲôҪ飿 
ıεˡ 
ʮʬ廹ҪѵҪȡ֤ݣ 
ҿʬ壬ֿѩ巣޹˵ʬֲ˵ôռ֤ݰ 
ѩ巾ȥѪ 
ˣڼʮ˵¶ο֮ɫ 
ʲô𣿡Ҳҡ 
šҶʬ巭𣬡ȻʬҲǻ˵ģҷǱġ 
ѩ巷һ°۱ʾ˭֪Ȼңأ 
ҩر𣬸ղŽʱ鶾ʦ˵һ֣Ҿúܶ졣Ҽװ족Ҿϵ 
ѩַֻһ°ۡѪ찡ɱТĶҩһģŵȻˡ 
Ժ֡ҽüͷ 
ʲô֣ѩ巷·ץסصˣŵĿңﾹȻ˷ܵĸо 
ôϲƳ³£滨ˣôô¾ɵķɱأ 
Ҷڵϣǳʡ 
ѩ̲סˣһеͷϺݺݵһǡ˵ˣɱТĲѵĲ 
Ҵһô˵ҲǱԩģ 
ѩһֵֺĿ⿴ңĵһȴַġ 
˵Ź泼ʮֻս顣 
ҿѩ巡ãֻ˵һ仰 
ʲôʱģ 
ѩͻȻס죬ıš 
ðɡ 
վ 
Ӱɡ 
Ჽȥ 
ˣҪȥѩ巼׷˳ҵı۰ʡ 
ȥ泼ôӵ飬ôܲȥһ´أ 
ѩʹһҵ·ɣ泼ȫȫҪԸʹ˵ˣΣգ 
ǰ˵ΣŶĳһѩ¶һЦ˵һȥ᲻ţ 



ΪԵľٶһ·϶ѩ巵䡣 
ʲôôʹֱɵ֮ɵʲô泼һˣıʲô㶺˲ŻʧߣʲôȻ㶺ֻøŲȻ淢ʲôô졭 
ڶ䶼ϼʱҲĿʼе㶺ʱ泼סЦǣѩˡ⡱ľԱȴͥԺȻ 
泼վſӭӡȻǷɹˣƮƮɡ 
һһ߶ѩ巣һѩͷеļˡҺԥŲǸ޵ŵ硣 
΢Ц衣ȱ 
ѩȴһסˣɣСĽΪҶ˲裬һеĳ档 
泼˫üһĿߵˡʦܣ˺ȱѵǰСУ 
̾һ 
ʦ֣㻹ȥɡ 
ҵͷһ衣 
ǰСеʵ࣬һ 



С¥ 
½еҶһ¾ˣЩڵڶһϵһ£һ½ȫڵĸ߳еĸ߳ԣߵ˽ģģĺ֪ǶڵĲ²⣬еİգҲ׷ĵȤɣյ׽ǰγԼ뷨ȻںӡԼ뷨Ҳһ׮^_^ 
ΪƪѾãʾһЩ⣬˵뷨 
һ 
1 泼ΪʲôɽΪΪԣ 
2 ߣΪ˸ɣΪǣ泼 
ڶ 
1 ˭˵ѩ巣 
2 ˭ɱТ 
3 ﵽʲô˼ 
4 ΪʲôɱܰͷΣ 
5 ΪʲôɱʮˣĿΣ 



ˣ϶ֻЩҲ´ҿŷȤĲ˵䣬߽ϲŪҲ߿мһˡС¥д˺ܶ࣬ԴҲҪһζľĳ˾ߣҪ֪¹ܶʱǲ书ġ 
С¥׵Ͽһרhttp://www.ly1.net/bbs/ӭȥ档ﻹһƪġѪɫǾޱĶأ 



ϲӢӲʵĳࡣ 
ϲһ˿Ʒ£˸塣 
ϲıͲŰ̬ȡ 
ϲĳƤ˵ӡ 
ѪȶĶ·һ԰ʾһһĸо 
ǱﶼѪɫǾޱ 



ˣηϻ࣬ٲ߾ִˣߡ 



17 
ǰСеʵ࣬һ 
ϸϸƷһò衱̧ͷעǰˡ 
泼Ȼͷ裬ɫ䡣ǿԤϣ 
ѩҲĿǰտڲԡ򾲣ұ´ 
ڰѩñһģֺñȸֵĶ˭ȶݣ˭˵ͷ·³ˣֻ֮аķݶ 
ҿֿǸԸ³˵ˣԸ 
ҿʼߡʦ֣Ȳȵһȣǲ֪ˡ 
泼²裬Цݲ䣺ԭҲʮֿ϶˵˳Ҳûзԣˡ 
ЦЦѩ巻ǽı죬ϣҲϡҲ̾ǳ 
ѩ巣ڴɲȳϣǰѻ˵ˣٳЦҲʱƣѡʻ̹ȻС֮Ӵȥѡ˷¶ӿǴʧˡ 
ǲңôٰ֪ѩ巣ʲôʱ֪ģ 
ѩһ˫ĿĿתĿң˷롣 
̾˿̹Ȼʵһֱڻɣֱȷ 
ٴζ˶񣬿ʼ٩٩̸ 
Դ֪ǱɽׯԺҾһֱ룺طҲǺܴôһ˵ҪôأܲصĴҶ֪ңŻһûеλòͨˣôûлɡٰ緽Ҷ뵽ȻʼûлɣȵФȴһס泼 
泼ͷȻܰͷһҾ˵ɽׯеˡɻһֻ֮ΪҲǲܵģĳȻţԼһĶֵػġҸͻ֪ȥֻðʶȴֲܵˡ 
ѩ۾˶Ȼ˫Ĭ˼ñ˵ⲢʲôЧ֤ݡ 
ҳ泼΢΢סѩ己˵㶯ˣҲǲܶġҲֻǻɣȷοѩ巸ƣҲϴȥǺһ飬òҸȷе뷨 
Фʮǡѩ巡Ϊʲôˣؼǲġֻɽׯô࣬ΪʲôƫƫɱǣҾúֵá̧ͷ泼ҼԸƲ⣺Фѧؽ书Լɱʮ˱泼֮ţҳȥĺûᡣ 
γԼĵһ˼·ɽׯ󣬾ͼٰѩ巡ɢؽգٽŻ߳ˡ֮װФ׽ȥôۡɱ˴ˣʵңȫŴʦֳ֡ʮ˻֮ʣôѪ찵ɱʮˣѵһȫķԼϣһ泼һİ˼ССѩôǻۣȥҲֻԲٵơתͷѩ巣Цݵ˵Ŀɶԣ 
˴ѩеĳĬڿʼЩɶİ𣿡¶Լͳתֹƻ˵ɤЦ÷绪л佱 
ˣڳݡ 
ˣһȫݣ 



 
а̾ 
ͬһףͬ۾ΪʲôղŻѩ巵ǫѷᣬ崿棬ھͳɱأŭ׺ݡ۾ңһһԣŹƭҵ泼ŷ𣿣 
Ȼ̾ɴ˼ˣİɱ 
ֻǡҡ 
ҳĬԶԡ泼̾Ҳϣʦ˽ģȫҡֻϧɣ֮ǰû֪ҡĵǳҲֻǸԶԶĿң·ԤʲôƵģĿ˶֪ġҲ߶ʮһΪǿԹҵڳ˺Ͱ˺ңͰҡʦܣ˼֣ˡôõ𣿡 
΢г⡣ֻΪ֮ˡ 
泼þõĿңͷٲ˵Աʱ֮ѡԱһλӻ£ٲȻΪ֮ơ 
Ǻðɣҽ쵹ҪôٺЦţ 
ҳһĵǵˡ˵֣Ǳܳϼ֣˵ģֻܴĹ˿ 



˫ġ 
ͯͯĻҶ 



Ҿһ㣬һ㣬ĵƵȼס 
Ȼۣ۹¶ƤЦݡ 
ʦ֣ղ˵ĵһ˼Σ 
ҡ˼ôң 
ΪѾǲְȻЦ棬ʣµһ֣Ҫʦ֤ 
泼ã֪Ĳ֣Ҫ֤ 
Ȼǵˮ© 
ҼЦţһƬȻ뵽һ㣬Ҳ÷ǳлкôļʣ޷ҽ̸ʦؽ书ķΪδʦ֡ǴʦְķФȴ֪£ 
ҹû泼âĿ⣬Զ̸֮ǰҾͷǳ֡ʦ˵ƷŲֻһɽׯ书ô࣬ΪʲôƫƫФɱҿɱʮ˾ȻõɱТһһַǽϵī鶼һռıˣֻ»⡣ѪȻɱʹһ壬Ǵ˵в涾ȨѬ죬㵽ҩֻҲʮֲ㡣 
Щ֮ȻңȻҲñڹôãôõļ¡뵽Тԭ̫ӵ£̫йڵˣֻɽׯҲ١飬û뵽ĸҵ 
ҿҵѪԺħħƭԴʮˣڷɾ·´˶ּ֮װѩ巡ɱʮ˵ĺТһˡΪҵɱТ𣿡 
֮֮ϷǸĳ˿ġͷǲҲܿҲܱ֤˳ˮۣһˡ 
ǿһǲ¶ˡ˫һһڶ˼·ҲγˣТ̫ӵ룬Ϊѡĳ֮ǼٽТҳֵķ粨δأɱТߣ˳Ʋ̫ӵעؽǱߡ书ǿ磬ȻԸȾʻ硣ܰͷΪǽԷһ书šֻϧФΪ棬ΪԼøȴ֪󰵲ɱФؽ̵ڹķȻԴϲɾɱΡƲҵ˴Ѫĳ泼һžͳ֮˰ɣ 
泼ܾöûϢڽҡ 
˵ġĺ⡣ 
ѹĺܵͣܵ͡ 
ٵͣҲڳЩ顣 
Ҳ֪ζӳ¿ 
ֻǣȴ֪ʹúεȷ̽ѯѪĳ룬ζҩӦòǷ۵ĵطɡ 
ƻޱߵһЦǰʲôܲ鵽ѩ巵ݾͷˡФʹ²ţȻ÷һʲôһΪʲôϰؽڹЦ˵˸ĶͣΪд˵еĶҩߺߣֻϧĶңħħۣһСģóѪ˹ 
泼һϺ⡭Ȼ⡭ 
ҡǸӾ˵ 
Ҫҵġ˵ 
¡ԡΪࡢ 



Ҳд󱯡 
ݵʦ֡ 
Ȼ 
һ 
ҵƮƮķ˳ȥ 
ȴصˤǽϡ 
һѪ֪ԼζѾˡ 
ַ૵ 
Ǳߣ泼ޱվ 
Բʦܡ˵ţһ¶ȶûС 
书Ҫջˡ 
[] 




18 
ĲһЦ 
ԭ 
˼ 
һѪǱߣ೼ѾĴ 
ղŵķȻѾ೼ĵߡ֪ȥΪǿ̾Ϳܵ굽һߡȵǸʱͻˡԴ˹һҺһֱȫ䱸ֻᡣҵȫ䱸ȴ֮䣬νģҲ೼ҵ͵ϮĻᡣڣ֮ʱɱ֣Ȼпȫֵ˼ˡ 
ֱʱҲò೼Ļ书 
ȻֵʱȻһԥûС 
೼ñɣ 
΢΢һŷǱߵսѾˡ೼Ѩƿڴ 
೼ʩʩȻȻ湫ӡΪߺζܸңʲô˵ġ 
ٺЦ೼ԭ֪Ǹɲĺ̶ȡԭĶ֣Ц˽˵ؽͽΪаҿЬ䣡 
೼һЦȻһƬ絭塣߹ȥֱָü֮ 
;ɡһΣûκɣŹˡ 
ηٽΣҲЦţôСʦأҲɱ𣿡 
೼ָĪһ١ּܿٵǰ 
ЦЦӮȴġ೼Ҫ𣿡 
ԽԽᣬԽԽᡣ·ʾһḧԷüĿǸָȻһ٣ˣǰ 
עһѾľСħħۡ 
೼ղűˮһսһǳɣûռԼ飬ܹʤʱʤһɣ֪ĵһ˲ͷޱȼᶨĿҲɢ˿ȥ 
ġҷ˽յ书ˡҿһʱ䡭 
רעĿŶԷ翡ɱңһԭ㡣ӵһȴʧġҲԸ𣿡 
೼һֽ¡аϲҪʤ׷ȻһѪ˳ȥ೼һ˶ͬʱҿ 
ǽȻһЦ 
Բסˡ˵ЩõֶΣͬЧֻϧ书ʧҪ̨ˡ 
ǵġ 
೼ƭңַҵ书˵ҡ 
ڻ书ȫʧ 
ħѪˣ̾͵ֵס 
һ೼Ҳ򵽸ղŲСı˿ƣȫķɱʤֻš 
һ˫۾ֻϣһʱͷϱҲǧ򻯡 
૵ˡˡһǸˡ 
ᣬҲǷˡ 
Ǳ۾ĵ 



һʹһеվһһĳȥ 
೼Ǹһʵ滰 
೼鶯˵ 
֪㵱ΪʲôԭɽΪң𣿡 
һһ 
һ֪ҵǲĵģǣֻ뵥ң 



һʱеʧˡ 
೼Ϣ 
һҶӮˡ 
ʦвûҡֻǡ 
һĽɽ 
ڻ೼ϷǱ֮Եı۾쳤̾ 
ʱ 
ҳȥ 
һ⿪Ѩ 



顱һ 
ƴϵصĺܡ 
ǡǡ 
߹Ƿ׷׶ѵĺܡ 
ҵֿʼɣֻһβûײʲôϡ೼ԳۣҽڻҵһѪҲӵѩ׵ϡ 
ŵĿңЦЦƿ޷ǿޡ 
ΪʲôΪʲô㣬Ȼ 
ҺĴЦҲʮֵҷĵģⱲӣᱳѴʦ֡ҵ 
ϵֱͻȻһҸо°ͽĿҵļϡ 
Ȼڶ϶˵š 
֪һţһͻɱ֡ҲҲʦȻԲңҲĴҡ 
ҾֻΪԼġڱôҾ͹ܲˡ 
೼ֱۣĽסҵָо֡ 
ҺЦȴؿ۵˳۽ȴΪʹ 
ʮ縸֣չ˵ġ 
ɽֲҡ֪ҲŬұ۸·ߵҰôò˵򵥣ʵȻ飬ѷᡣ 
֪˦һİɻǲһеĽˡǸʱҵ书ֻܴ߰ɣȻαѩ巵˹Ϊң 
꽭ѾʲôˣһһѿУ㣬ҲǺɣ 



ʦܣһһˣ㻹 
ʲôԲ飬ԭ 
ûƽϣһǽɽһ鰮 
Ǹ˶֪ôѡ 
ǣȴڳ 
㣬ľÿɱۡ 



߰ɡ 
೼Ὣֽӹ 
೼ͬһ㣬쳣Ҹһߡһʱ治׷׷ǣӹһ٣´پʤɡ 
ң岻 
˭ĻǲԼɱʦֵŹǱɱİɣ 
Ҳԡ೼۾þõϣ˺þã̾һ 
߰ɡ 
ǿסзƵĸоЦſ㡣ɲԸʱʱ䣿 
ͬһˣʧЦһ¡Ȼˡ 
ʦܣңϻͷһۣԶԭص㡣 



ھҪԼ 
ҵԼϣ̾ʩչṦ˳ȥ 
һ̣೼Ȼվ̧ͷǡ 
ֱĺѹ 
иǣʧȥģǱȵõĶࡣ 
뷨ͻȻоһѾѩƵɵ硣 
ѩ׵磬ǶôĴ˭֪ڲصģʲôأ 
ڶ˸СȻһХңң׷ǣǸһ 
һʱӿͷҼ̾ 
ˡХ޾ʧ䡭˸СǷߡ 
Х[caihua] 



19 



ṦȻ׿ԽתۼѾɽׯǽ 
ϡǵĺû׷ 
ԽģԱ§ľο 
һΣվûʧ 
ߣХУ᲻˰ɣ 
ǰԹ޶񶾵תۼ䣬ֱʮɡ 
΢΢Ц 
 
Ͼ 



ۡ 
겻һѪļϡ 
һģӿȥ 
Ӧ٣һһȣ˵ĺ㣬ɵ˵ϡ 
ƽʱһҪһá 
ҵıԣԭ޹ء 
ֻǡ˿ȴĺñݡ 
ֻĹļϣЩľȻĿǰģճҺ壬ǳɫ˽ȥ 
ѵ 
ҵĴˣ 
Цһ¡ 
֡ 
úѹ 



Ѫȫһۡ 
߰ɡ 
ƽ 
ѾȷˡѣǿҲʧȥֵǴˣ֪Ӧѡ 
·ڳ 
һγѣȻ˲ͻдѹа˿ѣǾľ书ʹһӳġ 
ʲô˵ 
ǵľ˵Ľ 
ͺᷢʲôһ 



Ҳòϣʮġ䡱еˡ 
ͬϸƤ£ĹԥɢԲ΢΢סĺͬѩеĺ÷޶ҡ˫ĿӳĽëвüëϵѩճڽëϣȻ۰㻬Ӳա 
 
ô˵š 
Ȼ 
ͻˡ 



Ǻ 
á 
ˣˣˣˡ 
£˳ 
峺Ŀ¡ 
Ȼʮഺѻ 



ͻȻҺ 
Ľë˵ĳ 
뷨ѾܾúܾˣõġѾˡ 



߰ɡ 
һ£ᣬ̬ȼᶨ 
ʧǵüͷҡ 
ұ죡 
ݶĿҡ 
飬òҪ죡 
ҿ˲ 
΢ЦſЦ÷絭ᡣ 
ʹδؽ̽һʬ嵽ܣѵһμѻ 
Һܸ˵Ŀķŭǰһ죬׼䡣 
Ŀǣһֱǡ 
ǰԺҲʬߵġһ⣬һһζ˵ġ 
ð 
ҼЦš 
ܹһ˴ҵȥʵҲһҸ顣 



 
һԸء 
͵תȼһźɫźš 
ҵľУԶԶһƬҲͬźŷ˳ 
ͷҡ 
Ҫϲʵ⣬ǡ 
ûճԡ 
Ц¶ݡ 
Ȼٰұڱϣ籼۵ĿΡɽ 
ܿǾƬ֡һӰԶԶӭ˹Ŀɿڴš 
ѩ飡 
ǸССӰһɵĵطͣסˡҡ 
ˡ 
Цţ۵Ứ 
汿 
Ϊʲôÿοʱ㶼ôǱ 



ѩ飡׼Ķ׼ 
ţĿɭȻ 
ÿһǰݵɫ 
׼ˡ 
ѩһۡ 
һƥ 
ȵȡ 
ҲĿѩ顣 
㲻ǱΪʲôǽͷ 
ѩЦˡȻЦΪҵ˶Ĵۿۡ 
ΪʲôҪʹأϲֲ 
ҿ 
ʲô 
ɫ䵭 
Ҳǲ뷢Сġ顣 



ԭġ 
԰̾ 
ȴѩ巴ߣһ߷һ߷Ա֡ѩȻȴѩָƣ֪ʲôʱͷԵĿѩ¶Űɣֺϼ˳ϷϷĿģ˷ס泼ĶĿҪԤţʱѣ 
 
һһ⣬ֻġ 



԰ǣƥͨѩףʺѩرܡ 
ĵͷҸϣƥ 
ߣ 
˻һ 
ѩȴվԭû 
ʹ㡣 
ѩƽ˵ţѩӿ 
ֻƥ㣬ûӡ 
Һ㿴û˵ 
ЦˣСѩﾧӨ͸ 
Ҵƥ׷ǸϿӰɡ 



˵꣬һƥý羪 
ʹҡҡ׹һַסң۾ɫȥ 
мֿţмֲţ 
ѩҲǻȥļϸ 
Ųµ˼ѩȻһЦ 
ʹһֱǶģҪúôҼŶ 
 
Ļ̫ҲҪ 
ѩ飡 
ҿҵ˵ϣˮк¡ 
㲻˵𣿳˵Ĺ⻷ͬΪ˵Ҹûвͬ 
ǰ 
ɫĿҡ 
ˡһɾ㹻ˡ 



ȴΪ䡣 
·𱻴ʲôѩڻ 
ߡ 
һΥԼǣ˵š 
һɡҴȥѩ巡 
 
ѩ巣 



ǸкԶԶ 
 
ټɡ 



Ұ˻ּصţѩǵķŭ 
ѩѿڼϣͬһ˳ȥ 
µҲ·һ˳ȥ޷˵ӡ 
󿴼ѩ龰·ǰһĹâȼˣǵĲԼ 
ܵļƺӵסҡ 
ôң׻һ 
ټ 
ô˵ţ񱼡 
ңİһֱһֱһֱ£ 
ģ־ůҲ·һߵĹϵ 
һϡ 
 
ƺôţ촽˶ 
 
һΣ촽ˡ 
 
ĬĬĺˮôˡ 
ļһΡ 
һϵΡ 
μԼһֻ 
ͬһֻľš 
Ϸĵ 



20 



ڶ 
ܳһʱҶڰΰ֮䡣 
ʱһΪǺ 
ֻһΣһйΡ 



һĴҵŴ˽һȫѪҺůġ 
ƺһ 
ҿ´ĹһĶḲҵϣһҵڡƺܾʲôĿסҵ°ͣ޴Ӿܾ 
Ҫ࣬Ա뷨ͬʱ᧿ΣһЦɵĳգһ߽Ĳſеͬƻķɶꡣ 
֪ȥˡ 



ˡ 
һֵҵķۣҵĴߣָסҵ 
ҳ΢Ц·ûпһüͷʮֵ 
ΪҶˡڿ˵ѹĻİǽѵúɫ˵Ҳ֪ڸʲôǰ״ 
סڣŭĿһۣ⣡ʲô£Ҫ죿 
ڻôף 
ҵ͵͵ǳЦšЦôѹʱģңңŸЧء 
˭Ҫǹ֮£ʡİɣǲô޴ˡƺܼɵҸʦֵǵ飬ƽʱιҩһᣬҲǴҴҴȥôҲԸҴ϶ϢƬ̡ 
˼Ҳ˰һܳԡ 
ϲôңֻϲôأ 
԰ 
΢΢һɫա 
ߣ泼Ҫ˾תͶǲǣô¼ƨɣ԰ԡ㻹浱ԼǸа 
㲻ġ 
ԼΪϵſڴθ۶ôŨҶһǱ磬һٵĸԼҪݽȥʹĺƴ 
ҶϤһУҶϤԼһ 
֪Ҫǽ˵ 
ֻ¡ 
Ⱳû˵ˡ 



ϣһϵˡҡ 



Ŀң׵ĳˡ 
ĵĿΪһ۵ľ绪Ҳ׵ĳˡ 
һ˲ţڵص±ɻˣҲԶǡ 
һôİ 
棬Ħµһ 



֪һ̶Цҹ 
ǺǺǺǡ 
Цû֦Ҳ 
˵ʲô˵뵱ϵĵһˣ 
ϢĿңĿַ̡ 
ô˵㰮ˣ 
ü̵ַĿ⿴ţ֪ΪʲôͻȻʲôԾĵطҲȥ롭 
һָֻҵգ֪Ϊʲôָ˱䡣 
Ӯ˲ǣ 
ͬħһЦš 
Ҳ£ҵģ 
Ҳ㣬Ҳҵģ 



ָιҩȻŰĿЧһһϷӦ˳ 
ĴҿĥһϢҵĶߡ 
뺣ҵһ˺þˡ 
㲻ҪȴҰ㣬ԣҲҪĶӣֻҡ 
㡭ôѪȥġ 
ʲôģҵϣŬƿԼ֪ˮݺᣬ׺ݶĿңƺ͸ҵһôǵ 
ֶַı̵Ĵ̼ңҸоһѻôžı˳ 
Ҫġ 
Ҳ֪һͰϸݹ⻬ѹ£ôĶ۾ 
ȷҪ 
ҿ 
ҵ£ҲԸ 
ԳԵЦţЦ 
ҲΪҷˡ 
˵ 



 
ϸϡ 
ǺðɡһԸġ 
ҩֳȫǻعⷵգǱʴĿȫǡټǴ̶ֽЦģѪҺѹ 
ǵģ˵ 
Ѫңףһġ 
ǽ޹˼ѹϣƴ³ĸȫҽ׺ݵ˺ϺϵļһļС 
ҵĴŪ£еĲţһֱץҵֱۣȴֲľֻܾһ˫ģ·СһĿⰧԹĿң촽ͣĲ 
ıӼѪеķҺԥ̧˫ĽԼ룬ȻǴĳ塣 
һϸļУץסҵļıס۾ 
ҡ 
ͷǿҵ 
棬κˡ 
뺣 
Ŀˡ 
ȷһˡ 
ôҰܵôı飬ôô꣬һֱС 
ׯεΪϣǺ 
أ 
һ֮ҵĳҵ͵͵ĺһȻȫ˳ 
ҺܿͻԤϵĸ졣Ϊһ̵ĻУսˡ 
Ҫ 
ҲǶҪġ 
֡ 




˭ڿޣ 
˭ůֱӵסң 
˭ˮкһٶȣޱ˽ 
ҵ־ĻعµͻȻͬһ㣬ˮˡ 
 
ƴҡͷˮһ˳ȥ 
ҲҪô 
ԴԴϵͨǸ˽ܵĵط͵ҵڣҵҵ 
Ρ 
Ҫ 
ƴ˳ıסҡ 
ֿҡûõġ 
ħħۡ˵ƺˡƻﶼ޵˸С 
ҽͬһָĸīƵĳ 
ΪʲôҪķ 
Ϊֻĳķ 
һδθҶϴĳЦú 
ôĸԸҰѾ͵ڣ 
ǰ 
ҿ޵ûˣסֱһֱڷ 
㲻ǲ㲻ΪŶҺõΪʲôһֱ 
Ҳ֪ 
ֻҿʱ򣬴ûа㿴ɸ硭 
Ϊó󡭡 
ЦˣĵЦˡôֱӵЦݣһ 
ģ 



ݵı֮һڵȼˡ 
ı˫µҩν 
Ҫ 
ҿ־ҡͷѾʼܿơ 
Ҫɡ 
Ȼ΢Цţ԰׵̺ĴγĶԱȡ 
ΪһΨһһĸԸ 




ᣬ֮䡣 
ʹ뼫֣֮䡣 
һһεİѱ˴϶壬ȴǴδй 
ҷ·һĸ꣬߸ߵĴڿУԼһʹţһ߲ܿƵĽ鶯ȫѵ꣬˺ҵ塣һֱںҪϧûǶڃPޣһҹ 
һκޱĽԼ鱩¶ҵǰôĿţҪѶʮδı룬һһĿ⻹ôԣֻĿûͶעڱϣпģһֱһֱҡֻҡ 
ۣ 
ҰһѪڵϡ 
Ŀš 
һΣѪǾ˵ġơ֮ѪѪ 
ܺá 
ḧҵЦƻӿȪ 
ɡ 



ȻԼȴ书벻ָľ书ľȴ㣬ȫȫϣȫȫҵţһмƻʵʩһһνڡֻǣδġ˵Ѿ׬ˣ 
̫¡ô֪ܲܣܸ 
ԣһҪڼֻȥѰ㣿 



峿⣬ҵ 
Ͷ䰵Ĺ⡣ 
۾ǰġ 
Եı·¶ȣﰲ˺¡ 
һҹ·ʹһƣʹΪܷҴʧ 
 
ҵšشҵģԼͷˮ 
 



 ԣ 
һۣΡͨǣڼϰ书Ȭмǡ 
֮䣬ԭΪԵ֮̾˫գͷ˿һ٣ɼ췣֮ 
նԵ磬Ӵֻʽɽ֪¡ 
Ǻհ׷µƳ飬Ӵֻ£ˡ 
ԣҳԵѾǿ 
˴ڽģͬİ· 



   
һֽĵڵϡ 
֪˭ˮճʪһС 
ģͬİ· 




ڶꡣ 



 



˫ġ 
ͯͯĻҶ 
ĲһЦ 
ĺ뵯ָ 
壬ɺһ 



ɳޣ˫档 
һ٣һ߿ݡ 
ߣƹǡ 
ߣ 
壬Х 



˫ 
ܹεܹ 
Ϊ㶯¡ 
Ϊˣ˰˷ 
壬հ׷ 

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